Gangs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gangs - Research Paper Example Frederick Thrasher defines a gang as: A gang is an interstitial group, originally formed spontaneously, and then integrated through conflict. It is characterized by the following types of behavior: meeting face to face, milling, movement through space as a unit, conflict, and planning. The result of this collective behavior is the development of tradition, unreflective internal structure, esprit de corps, solidarity, morale, group awareness, and attachment to a local territory (Thrasher 1927). The very definition given by Thrasher gives an elaboration of different aspects of the gangs. The very objectives of the gangs vary from one group to another. Some have political means while some have mere zest of wealth. And these means can only be found in young people so some of them are adult while most of them are not adult or grown up people. And these people have innovative ideas in order to become millionaire just in days. Miller and Vigil says: The association of young people with ille gal and violent activities or crimes is the one which separates them from other violent groups. (Miller 1982, Vigil 1988) From the above statement of Miller and Vigil it is not sure that other people are not going to involve in such activities if they are not young but there is also the possibility of young people to involve in such violent activities. But on the other hand it is true that the young people are known well in doing such illegal acts in the society because there are inherent in their nature and they are inherently associated with these violent actions. Young people are mostly involved in criminal and violent activities and it is inherent in their nature. Most of the illegal or violent activities are associated with young individual gang members but society links them with membership of a gang instead of individual criminal behavior. (Cohen 1990) The extent or degree of crime is not a matter of concern but the major issue revolves around the actions performed by differe nt gangs. Some gangs are involved in drug dealing and this obnoxious business they even don’t hesitate to kill other people. Some are involved in human smuggling and other high violence actions but there are some gangs which are involved only in low level violence. The low level violence covers street gambling, drinking, looting and plundering. All of these violent activities are considered as part of youth gang. These different gangs show that the violent activities and behavior of young people vary from one gang to another gang. There are many different sorts of conflicts which may arise among rival gangs for example there may be the conflicts of area or territory in which they are going to perform their violent activities. During these conflicts the rival groups use different techniques to feat each other like use of knives, fists, sticks and other dangerous weapons like grenades. Gang membership is one of the core or peripheral issues (Klein, 1995). There are some members in a gang which play a vital role in collective activities of a particular group. The involvement in different activities does not effect the membership of an individual because most of the members in a gang

Thinking critically simulation review Essay Example for Free

Thinking critically simulation review Essay In our every day lives, we are called to have decisions every minute, even every second. The start of our day is merely our decision, and even our breathing is also controlled by our decision to be living another day. Our lives are affected by how we make it and the decisions that comprise our day. Strategies of coming up with a decision vary with every person depending on how they have been trained. The effectiveness of such decision will depend on the attainment of the goal of the activity. There are a number of suggested strategies that are cited in journals so as not to encounter stress and problems upon the implementation of the decision. In this project, we have encountered problems in laying down our thoughts for our personal differences. Moreover, there are instances that we are reaching a debate in giving up our ideas. Personality difference is sometimes a problem in coming up with a decision. Good thing, there are those who are matured enough that we are able to talk about things in a normal way. Communicating what we want is not that difficult because we agreed that we are going to attain a single goal, and that is to become successful with the project. Resources should also be adequate so that the performance of the activity will not come into a halt whenever materials are drained. I realized that it is important that before I give into a subject matter, I should first think of it a number of times so that I may be familiar to the possible consequences of the action. Indeed, having the goal to finish the activity is helpful in doing the task. The simulation helped us view some of our agreements and decision in a different way rather than the usual. It is necessary that we are able to examine early the good and bad outcomes of our decision. Decision making process is really something that should be paid attention to. It must not be regarded as a simple thing for it can affect a number of people whether in the group, community, city or country. Reference Mind Tools. 2008. Decision Making Techniques. Retrieved 31May 2008 from http://www. mindtools. com/pages/main/newMN_TED. htm

Evolution Of Immunity And The Invertebrates :: essays research papers

Evolution of Immunity and the Invertebrates "Article Summery" Name: "Immunity and the Invertebrates" Periodical: Scientific American Nov, 1996 Author: Gregory Beck and Gail S. Habicht Pages: 60 - 71 Total Pages Read: 9 The complex immune systems of humans and other mammals evolved over quite a long time - in some rather surprising ways. In 1982 a Russian zoologist named Elie Metchnikoff noticed a unique property of starfish larva. When he inserted a foreign object through it's membrane, tiny cells would try to ingest the invader through the process of phagocytosis. It was already known that phagocytosis occurred in specialized mammal cells but never in something less complex like a starfish. This discovery led him to understand that phagocytosis played a much broader role, it was a fundamental mechanism of protection in the animal kingdom. Metchnikoff's further studies showed that the host defense system of all animals today were present millions of years before when hey were just beginning to evolve. His studies opened up the new field of comparative immunology. Comparative immunologists studied the immune defenses of past and current creatures. They gained further insight into how immunity works. The most basic requirement of an immune system is to distinguish between one's own cells and "non-self" cells. The second job is to eliminate the non- self cells. When a foreign object enters the body, several things happen. Blood stops flowing, the immunity system begins to eliminate unwanted microbes with phagocytic white blood cells. This defensive mechanism is possessed by all animals with an innate system of immunity. Innate cellular immunity is believed to be the earliest form of immunity. Another form of innate immunity is complement, composed of 30 different proteins of the blood. If these mechanisms do not work to defeat an invader, vertebrates rely on another response: acquired immunity. Acquired immunity is mainly dealt by specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes travel throughout the blood and lymph glands waiting to attack molecules called antigens. Lymphocytes are made of two classes: B and T. B lymphocytes release antibodies while T help produce antibodies and serve to recognize antigens. Acquired Immunity is highly effective but takes days to activate and succeed because of it's complex nature. Despite this, acquired immunity offers one great feature: immunological memory. Immunological Memory allows the lymphocytes to recognize previously encountered antigens making reaction time faster. For this reason, we give immunizations or booster shots to children. So it has been established that current vertebrates have two defense mechanisms: innate and acquired, but what of older organisms ? Both mechanisms surprisingly enough can be found in almost all organisms (specifically

Politics And History Of Japan Essay

Nazi rule in Germany was unleashed after the Reichstag Fire in Berlin and almost 3 years after this, the February 26 incident helped to introduce militaristic rule in Japan. The February 26 incident awakened the sleeping giant that was Japan and triggered off major world conflicts. The February 26 Incident On February 26, 1936 a breakaway faction of the Imperial Japanese Army composed of young junior officers and swearing allegiance to the Kodo ha faction within the Army, slipped into the middle of Tokyo and captured key government buildings including the one which housed the Diet or Japanese parliament and Army headquarters. Groups raided the residences of the Prime Minister and senior officials in an attempt to assassinate them.   Prime Minister Okada Keisuke had a narrow escape when the rebels killed his brother in law instead. Others, among them the Finance Minister, were murdered. Subsequently that day, the rebel faction went to the Army Minister to make their demands. They declared the government unfit to lead the affairs of Japan not able to do enough for it as a military power, instead more involved with politics and their self- interest. The action, the group declared was taken in the name of the Emperor. They demanded an immediate dissolution of the Government and the installation of a military General sympathetic to their cause. However, this infuriated Emperor Hirohito who was appalled at the killing of senior colleagues. He summoned Aide de Camp General Shigeru Honjo and declared the faction members as rebels who were acting without the authority of the Imperial Army. The Emperor wanted the rebellion to be squashed. But Army retaliation was not forthcoming as senior officers were still in agreement with the agenda of the rebels. However   the ‘Toseiha’ faction in the Army which was against the doctrines of the Kodo Ha, volunteered full support to the Emperor and even the Imperial Japanese Navy sprung into action, moving its ships into the Tokyo Bay to cut off the rebels. When Emperor Hirohito was informed about the reluctance of the Army to take decisive action, he vowed to personally lead his ‘Imperial Guard ‘into the fray. The following day, martial law was declared and the rebels were boxed in and pamphlets of the Emperor’s declaration were circulated indicating that there was no support from any of the forces for their attack. General Honjo, once a believer of Kodo Ha doctrines was on the Emperor’s side. The offensive lasted till February 29 when the army moved in to capture the rebels and senior members of the faction were ordered to commit ‘seppuku’ or ritual suicide rather than lose their honor in a public trial. Other junior officers were spared. Altogether, 70 coup members were arrested and prosecuted for the crime.[1] Subsequent Events   Ã‚   The four day siege resulted in martial law being stretched to July. The army, sensing an opportunity, used the power provided by martial law to expand its powers and budget. Prime Minister Okada was replaced by Koki Hirota. This effectively ushered in totalitarian rule in Japan which was to set the stage for the Second Sino – Japanese War.[2] Historical Background of Militarism In Japanese history, the role of the military, or to be more precise, militarism has had an overwhelming role in shaping Japan’s world view. Militarism stands for a nation’s strength and should play a dominating role in political as well as social life. The influence of militarism goes back to the days of the Meiji Restoration, known in Japan as the Meiji Ishin or Revolution. This period stretched back to the days of the Tokugawa Shogunate and caused far reaching social changes in Japan of the late 19th century. This was a direct reaction to the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry’s fleet of American ships on Japanese shores. Commodore Perry forced a treaty – ending 200 years of Japanese insulation in matters of business – enabling trade between Japan and the United States. The Restoration came into being with the Satsuma Choshu Treaty which ultimately led to swearing of complete allegiance of the ruling Shoguns of that time to the Emperor. This was a creed forbidding all defiance to the Emperor (as Japanese history of that period depicts). Most Japanese leaders of that period were of Samurai descent and swore by the codes of the ancient Samurais – loyalty and allegiance to the ruler, dignity and honesty. The Japanese perception of events of that time was that the country’s sovereignty was threatened by outside forces. This justified building up a strong economic and military base to counter such a threat. This tradition continued till the 1800’s when mass conscription to the army and navy was considered an indication of unquestioning loyalty to the Emperor. Part of the reason for the widespread intrusion of militarism through to 1878 was the complete detachment of the forces from civilian society. The Staff commands established by the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy were responsible for formulating all defense strategy and were directly under the command of the Emperor. The Staff Chiefs were therefore under no obligation to the Prime Minister or any form of civilian law, During the Taisho period there was a return to democratic governance when the Washington Naval Treaty was signed and Japan participated in the League of Nations only to crumple with the onset of the Great Economic depression in 1929 when the world economy collapsed and caused trade barriers to be imposed by western nations. This was also coupled with domestic problems at home where several radical groups surfaced and there was even an attempt on the Emperor’s life, in 1932. These distressing events gave rise to patriotic feelings (maybe misplaced) in Japan. Such jingoism saw the military as the only solution to Japan‘s seemingly unending series of crises. The romantic notion that it was time for an Asian resurrection under Japanese rule took root. With the signing of the London Naval Treaty in 1930 by Prime Minister Osachi Hamaguchi and his party, the Navy was severely curbed in influence. This was seen by both the opposition and the military as endangering the country’s security. This whipped up jingoistic sentiment to the extent that Hamaguchi was killed in 1930 and the brief interlude with democratic rule came to an abrupt end. Subsequently, patriotic fervor in Japan gave the military free rein in Asia.[3] This was responsible for Japan’s involvement in several Asian conflicts: the Boxer Rebellion, World War 1, the Russo – Japanese War. The infamous Manchurian Incident of 1931 led to Japanese forces’ take-.over of all Manchuria – to protect Japan’s interests, chiefly Manchurian oil fields. The idea of military expansionism drove Japan into successive conflicts with China. In fact, there even was an attempted coup in Tokyo labeled the ‘Imperial Colors Incident’ which failed but was not made public knowledge. Ultimately, however, the swaggering domination of Japanese militarism failed to establish a dictatorship. The first nails into its coffin were driven by the government of Konoe Fumimaro, when, following wartime priorities his government, through the National Mobilization Law, brought all of Japan’s assets under its purview.   Also, in 1940, the formation of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association led to a single party political rule much discrediting the military.   On February 26, 1936, the rebel officers would hardly have been to foresee all this when they tried to take over Tokyo’s streets and were unleashing a murderous campaign. Until recent times, much romantic lore still surrounded military campaigns which allude to the glory of Japan’s military and Samurai like allegiance to the Emperor. The Emperor still remains a symbol of sovereignty in Japan and is much revered, being treated like a Head of State but is no longer the supreme authority over all Japan’s matters specially armed conflicts. Yukio Mishima spoke about the glory of Japan and the Emperor just before committing suicide inside a military barracks in 1970 and he was a well known literary figure in Japan   who wrote a novella on the February 1936 Incident–   proving that modern Japanese society still retains vestiges of its old fascination for matters martial. The members of the group that was behind the failed coup in 1936 are even being seen by some academics as. These were misguided bunch of young radicals who were only acting for Japan and God. They were not as ruthless as members of Hitler’s army were during the days of the Putsch.[4] February 26, 1936 – It’s Implications Under Koki Hirota’s rule m Japan and China engaged in the biggest war Asia right through 1945 from 1937 onward. The trend of militarism and military aspirations made stronger by the February Incident increased Japanese military aggression in Asian territory mainly to buttress its economic interests. The Second Sino – Japanese War was directly the result of Japanese policy toward China aimed at exploiting its natural reserves like oil.   Equally aggressive was the Chinese stance founded upon a new found realization of the unity of the Chinese people and their right to their own territory. A series of comparatively smaller sized conflicts led to a full scale conflagration. In 1937   The invasion of Manchuria – described above and particularly, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937 led to the war. Lugou Bridge in China is also known as the Marco Polo Bridge because Marco polo is supposed to have referred to this bridge while on his travels. It was controlled on its west end by the Japanese army and on the East by the Chinese Kuomintang Army. The bridge was a lifeline to Beijing to all areas under the Chinese army’s command – if this bridge fell – Beijing would too.[5] On June 1937, Japanese forces sent a message to the Kuomintang on the western end of the bridge about a missing soldier who might have gone over. They asked to be allowed to carry out a search on the opposite end. The Chinese refused the request acting under orders from their command chain. The Japanese countered this with a threat to open artillery fire if they were not allowed through. The prolonged aftermath saw led to the Japanese finally crushing the Kuomintang resistance and driving on toward Beijing and taking it over following which Japan had assumed control over the North China Plain, a strategically important region. The North China Plain has Beijing to its North East edge and Tianjin , an important industrial center on its North coast, What the Japanese actually did was to set up a ‘puppet’ state called Manchuoko , in Manchuria, installing the last Chinese Emperor   as a figurative head. This region actually prospered and its steel production exceeded Japan’s. Japan even gave up its membership of the League of Nations in 1933 after international protests over the incident but continued with its aggression in Chinese territory. Following the Marco Polo bridge incident, China and Japan engaged in full scale conflict from 1937 till 1945. On December, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a full scale attack on the American Fleet docked at Pearl Harbor.   The compulsion of Japanese militarism post the February 1936 Incident and its acquisitive instincts in Asia made Japan very sensitive to the presence of others in the region. Its attack on Pearl Harbor was part of a preventive strategy aimed at halting what its military leaders saw as a build up of American interests in the region. Preventive conflicts have always risen because one or the other side believes that an offensive will result in preventing some projected or future incident. In Japan’s case it was its apprehension that American presence in the region was building up and would result in counter aggression for control over its territories in Asia and the Pacific. Pearl Harbor was the base for the American Naval Fleet and was attacked by almost 6 carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy.   Waves of air attacks were also launched from the Navy vessels and over 300 aircraft flew over Pearl Harbor and destroyed the standing American fleet of ships. By this attack, America was forced to abandon its position of neutrality and enter into World War 2. For long America   was also building up its armed presence in Indo – China as we; as the East Indies as part of a series of counterbalancing moves aimed at keeping a check on Japanese movement in the region which was aggressively aimed at securing Asia and therefore its supreme position as its leader. Japan. Specifically, the objective of the Pearl Harbor attack was to secure Japanese advances into the East Indies islands and Malaya, both rich sources of oil and rubber. President Roosevelt was conscious of this when he ordered his fleet be strategically stationed in the Philippines region. According to Japanese assumption – a complete halt to American activity in the Pacific region – turned out to be completely wrong and it eventually had to surrender to American troops in 1945 bringing an end to World War II.[6] The Axis Pact In September 1940, Japan entered into a pact also known as the Tripartite Pact, with Fascist Italy and Adolph Hitler’s Nazi Germany which was the official declaration of the Axis Powers against the Allied powers. At the height of their power all 3 members commanded huge territories in Europe and Indo-China. Japan was under Emperor Hirohito and its main objective of signing the Pact was to protect its protect its military and economic bases in the pacific region. When Europe was engaged in its conflict with Germany, Japan insidiously moved into European colonies around the Pacific. America was the only nation to alert to Japanese intentions in this part of the world and countered Japan. Japanese believed that a war with the West was inevitable given its cultural differences but, given its unbridled militarism, Japan’s intentions were also materialistic. However, a certain section of the military leadership believed the conflict was to be aimed at hemming in Soviet Russia. But relations with the USA were also strained with American sponsored embargos on Japan m partly in response to its offensives against China. Japan saw US action against it as an act of western Imperialism and proceeded to band with Germany and Italy through the Tripartite Pact. Japan rushed headlong into its military inspired acquisitions also honed by the oil embargo imposed by the USA, which made it dependent on the resources of other countries. Many in Japan believed the conflict with the Americans could be resolved through negotiations but military leaders insisted on stepping up military offensive in Asia. When Germany was carrying out its Blitzkrieg in Europe m Japan was doing the same in Asia having control over large parts of Asia including Taiwan and Manchuria. But uncontrolled military offensives inevitably end and so did Japan’s end in the Battle of Midway when its fleet was destroyed by American ships.[7] The atom bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki preceded by the declaration of war by the Soviet Union broke Japan’s military might forcing it to surrender to America in 1945.   The international War Crimes Tribunal sentenced Japanese military leaders to death. Japan’s militarism blinded it to the might of America’s military might and made it underestimate Chinese resistance. Its territories were taken under American control.   The Japanese also miscalculated the output of the war machinery in America which h outrivaled that of Japan’s. Truly Japan’s military leaders had become complacent and could not realize that they were going through a death wish which was to almost obliterate Japan (the atom bombings) from the face of the Earth.[8] In conclusion it should be stated that one good outcome was Japan’s access to American industrial technology and Japan’s subsequent rise to the world’s major industrial leader. Today, largely because of this Japan is also a technology leader and makes business conquests in place of military ones through its electronics goods ad cars. Japan wages its own internal battles with rising economics problems and unemployment and job cutbacks but the collective Japanese psyche has grown wise to blind nationalism and tries to blend with the world. It now enjoys a stable democracy and single party rule with its armed forces under the command of the prime Minister, Japan has no need for war and a Pacifist constitution has m in fact been built into the Constitution which forces it to renounce aggression and armed conflict .this was bequeathed to it by America after the .defeat of 1945. Japan is well on its way to new millennium bidding goodbye to its aggression and the February Incident will always remain a blot on its history and its pacifist character. Bibliography: Goddard, J; Nation Management: Making the Most Out of It (Christchurch: Howard & Price. 2006) pp 433-5 Gervers, V; Japan at War (Melbourne: HBT Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2000) pp 167 Knott, P; Analysis of US Wars (Dhaka: Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2005) pp 188-9 Kumar, H; Justice of Winners: Win Some, Lose None (Auckland: HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 334 Manning, C S; Principals and Practices of War Industry: Trade of Death (Christchurch: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 279 Powell, M; Anatomy of Modern Crusades: Independence to WWII (Wellington: ABP Ltd 2001) pp 49-53 Prawer, H A; Kingdom of Japan (Dunedin: Allied Publishers 2004) pp 221-5 Tyerman, J; Invention of the Japanese Great War (Dunedin: Allied Publications 2001) pp 233-37 [1] Tyerman, J; Invention of the Japanese Great War (Dunedin: Allied Publications 2001) pp 233-37 [2] Prawer, H A; Kingdom of Japan (Dunedin: Allied Publishers 2004) pp 221-5 [3] Goddard, J; Nation Management: Making the Most Out of It (Christchurch: Howard & Price. 2006) pp 433-5 [4] Gervers, V; Japan at War (Melbourne: HBT Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2000) pp 167 [5] Manning, C S; Principals and Practices of War Industry: Trade of Death (Christchurch: National Book Trust. 2004) pp 279 [6] Powell, M; Anatomy of Modern Crusades: Independence to WWII (Wellington: ABP Ltd 2001) pp 49-53 [7] Knott, P; Analysis of US Wars (Dhaka: Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2005) pp 188-9 [8] Kumar, H; Justice of Winners: Win Some, Lose None (Auckland: HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 334

Remembering Babylon Essay

To what Extent can Gemmy be regarded as Representing a Paradigm Shift in the Mind Set of the Settlers? In the novel Remembering Babylon by David Malouf, the character Gemmy causes the settlers to change their attitudes towards Australia. At first, the settlers have a very negative view of the land that they had colonised, but when Gemmy joins them he makes them realise that it is not so bad after all. He teaches them some of the things that he learned from his time living with the Aborigines. These ideas then transform the settlers’ mind set and their attitude towards Australia. In the beginning, the settlers did not feel like they wanted to be in Australia; they thought that Scotland was much better. During the flashbacks of how George Abbott came to Australia, it shows how inferior Australia is seen. When he was told that he would go to Australia, it says â€Å"Australia. That was the word Mr Robertson had dropped into the room. The silence deepened around it, then spread† (Malouf 45). The reaction to the word Australia shows how poorly he thought of it, which is signified through the use of mood. In this passage, the mood is very surprised, but in a negative way almost as if it was unthinkable to suggest it. George Abbot later described Australia as a â€Å"†¦godforsaken place†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malouf 46). This mind set is shared by Lachlan when he moves to Australia. He thinks that â€Å"The bush – it wasn’t even a country – was of no interest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malouf 49). The fact that he thought of Australia as an uncivilised land, rather than a country, displays the view that Australia is inferior to Scotland. Before the settlers had met Gemmy, their attitude towards Australia was that it was in every way inferior to the life they could have had in Scotland and they did not really want to be there. When Gemmy had been found by the Aborigines, he adapted to their life and learned from them their views on life and nature. That is shown when he hears of the settlers coming to Australia and he sees them as strange, as if he had the mind set of an Aborigine. â€Å"So when news drifted up from the south of spirits, white-faced, covered from head to foot in bark and riding four-footed beasts that were taller than a man, he was disturbed, and the desire to see these creatures, to discover what they were, plucked at him till he could not rest† (Malouf 26). This view that he had of the unknown  creatures shows that in his mind he has become more like an Aborigine than a white man and he feels as if he does not really know what the white people are any more. Later on, as Gemmy accompanies Mr Frazer on one of his botanical excursions, Gemmy acknowledges the spiritual world. â€Å"†¦a clear light surrounding him like the line that contained Mr Frazer’s drawings. It came from the energy set of where his spirit touched the spirits he was moving through† (Malouf 61). The fact that he has learned about spirits of creatures shows that during the time he stayed with the Aborigines, he learned to appreciate another dimension of the world. By living with the Aborigines, Gemmy became like one of them. He no longer felt like he belonged to the white people any more and because of the Aborigines he also learned to appreciate the world in a completely different way. After Gemmy had lived in the settlement for a while, Janet had an epiphany that allowed her to view Australia from a different perspective. She felt as if â€Å"all the rough skin of her present self crusted and came off, what would be revealed, shining in sunlight, was this finer being that had somehow been covered up in her† (Malouf 53). After that epiphany, she felt â€Å"as if she had been relieved of the weight of her own life, and the brighter being in her was very gently stirring and shifting its wings† (Malouf 53). These feelings described make it seem as if she was becoming more spiritual, almost like Gemmy had learned to be. She saw the world in a new dimension that allowed her to see the true beauty of Australia. Janet became more aware of what the land around her really was like and its beauty in a similar fashion as Gemmy had, thus she could have been influenced by his views. Mr Frazer also learned a lot about the nature from Gemmy. He often went on outings to discover new plants and record them in his notebook and he always took Gemmy along to show him the nature. â€Å"He sketched the parts of the plants that Gemmy showed him† (Malouf 59) and carefully recorded every detail of it in his notebook. On another one of the expeditions, Mr Frazer writes a reflection in his diary that says: We have been wrong to see this continent as hostile and infelicitous†¦ It is habitable already. I think of our early settlers, starving on these shores in the midst of plenty they did  not recognise, in a blessed nature of flesh, fowl, fruit that was all around them and which they could not, with their English eyes, perceive†¦ We must rub our eyes and look again, clear our minds of what we are looking for to see what is there. (Malouf 118). This reflection shows how Mr Frazer had learned to appreciate the nature and aims for others to also be able to open their eyes to the world around them and appreciate it for what it is instead of hate it for what it is not. Later, when Mr Frazer talks to the governor Sir George, he describes the â€Å"†¦knowledge of native life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Malouf 152) that Gemmy has, which shows that he appreciates Gemmy’s more extensive knowledge and how it can benefit the life of the settlers. By teaching Mr Frazer about the nature in Australia, Gemmy has managed to show him the true beauty of nature and appreciate it as it is. Through opening the settlers’ eyes, Gemmy has been able to show them how to fully appreciate Australia. First, they did not at all care for it since they wanted it to be as much like Scotland as possible. However, as Gemmy came, he passed on some of the knowledge he had learned from the Aborigines. This allowed Janet to see the world from another dimension and appreciate its true beauty. It also taught Mr Frazer the usefulness of nature and he began to appreciate it for its real beauty. He then wishes that the other settlers also could see the world as he does and he tells the governor about this new knowledge. By teaching the settlers about the land, Gemmy managed to cause a paradigm shift in at least some of the settlers’ attitudes towards Australia.

The ban of miraa (khat) trade in the UK Essays - Counties Of Kenya

The ban of miraa (khat) trade in the UK Essays - Counties Of Kenya The ban of miraa (khat) trade in the UK and the Netherlands has been cited as one of major threats to development in Meru County. Other problems affecting the county are cattle rustling, border disputes with Tharaka Nithi and Isiolo counties and natural disasters such as drought, landslides and floods. The County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP, 2013-2017) however says the county enjoys huge opportunities created by the Lamu Port South-Sudan-Ethiopia Transport (Lapsset) project and proximity to the Mt Kenya tourist sites. The county further hopes to cash in on the construction of an airport in Isiolo County, availability of many rivers and water sources and its bordering the proposed resort city of Isiolo. The CIDP adds that the county led by Governor Peter Munya also enjoys adequate raw materials which can be used for industrialisation. UNTAPPED RESOURCES The untapped rich Meru cultural practices and natural resources were also cited as a plus for the vast county. Among the countys strengths, the CIDP says, are availability of wide range of skilled labour, large tracts of arable land, favourable climate for agriculture, potential for irrigation agriculture, strategic location and hospitable people. Meru County further boasts of fair infrastructural facilities including tarmac roads, telecommunication and electricity. At the same time, many financial institutions have set base there. WEAKNESSES The CIDP names limited industrialisation, value addition to agricultural produce, vast un-adjudicated land, relatively high illiteracy levels, cultural rigidity, skewed distribution of education and health facilities and high understaffing across sectors as the countys weaknesses. The county which lies in eastern Kenya also suffers from poor soil conservation measures, poor subsistence agricultural practices and land subdivision. The development plan notes that the tourism potential of the county is not fully exploited owing to poor road networks. It says the county intends to enhance its competitiveness by investing in infrastructural development like roads, electricity, transport and housing and that Sh57 billion is to be raised and pumped into the projects in the next five years.

System I designed in order to produce a promotion package for her newly formed company selling music CDs Essays

System I designed in order to produce a promotion package for her newly formed company selling music CDs Essays System I designed in order to produce a promotion package for her newly formed company selling music CDs Essay System I designed in order to produce a promotion package for her newly formed company selling music CDs Essay My friend was impressed with the system I designed in order to produce a promotion package for her newly formed company selling music CDs. The business has expanded rapidly with the large number of music CD titles in stock and has many regular customers. She would also like to develop a mail order service within the business. All the information at the moment is kept on paper based records and she is finding it difficult to locate information due to the increasing volume of sales in the business. My friend has been advised to convert her records onto a computer-based system and was given a floppy disk to containing sample data on current music titles available on CD to start her off. She has no idea how to access this information and has commissioned me to evaluate this data and devise a system that will allow her to keep her records of music CDs in stock, and customers for the mail order section of the company. My system will include: * Data capture sheets for CD data and customer details * Collection and input of data * Evidence that I have chosen a data-handling package and constructed a database. * * Presentation of the results in the form of printouts demonstrating the information which can be obtained from searching * A comprehensive User Guide so that my friend and her employees can use the system * An explanation of what has been done at every stage of my work, giving details of the software used and how it enabled me to create and develop my work. My work will be presented in five labelled sections as shown below: * Analysis * Design * Implementation * Testing * Evaluation My work will be secured in a plastic folder with a front sheet, which includes the following details: * A bold large heading; * A sub heading; * A graphic; * My name; * My centre number * My candidate number My work will also include a contents page so it is easier to examine my work and all pages will be numbered. Candidate No.- 6071 Centre No.- 20860 Action Plan The following is a list of jobs I need to do in order of priority: 28/9/00 Look at databases: identify weaknesses 30/9/00 Read through booklet carefully so I understand the task set 3/10/00 Write a statement giving details of the task 5/10/00 Arrange task criteria 7/10/00 Gather information about the task (How do other mail order companies and retail businesses store and process their data.) 9/10/00 Find out, and analyse the views of, potential users of mail order services and CD shops 11/10/00 Use an analysis of my completed questionnaires etc justify my design specification. This should include statements about structure, ease of use, quality of user documentation, types of output and presentation 13/10/00 Make a statement giving reasons which hardware and software is required for my system to run effectively 14/10/00 Check through Analysis section 15/10/00 Start Design section and examine and evaluate alternative methods of creating my system and explain what changes will be required based on my research evidence 17/10/00 Produce two or three database structures and explain strengths and weaknesses 19/10/00 Choose design that is most suitable and explain the decision 21/10/00 Explain how the hardware and software available influenced the design 23/10/00 Obtain views of potential users of my system using feedback to improve my system 25/10/00 Prepare data collection sheets and enter a suitable sample by hand 27/10/00 Produce database as detailed in design specification 29/10/00 Produce user guide for client 1/11/00 1st Submission date. Research completed and data files created with evidence of testing 3/11/00 Explain why I used the specific software and produce user guide for users explaining what the system can do 4/11/00 Check through Implementation section 5/11/00 Start Testing. Investigate verification and validation techniques and produce a testing plan 7/11/00 Check results of data entry correcting any errors and show any improvements made prior to this. 9/11/00 Create table to show how different parts of the system were tested, with evidence 11/11/00 Produce a series of simple and complex searches to demonstrate what the system can do. 13/11/00 Describe changes made as a result of testing, with evidence 14/11/00 Check through Testing section 15/11/00 Start Evaluation section. Explain reasons for software use giving clear features 17/11/00 Analyse the results of my searches and compare with the original stated requirements of the files 19/11/00 Include comments from third party about the viability of my new system and explain the changes made as a result of those comments 21/11/00 Compare design I have produced with original design specification. 22/11/00 Double check through entire coursework to make sure nothing is missing 24/11/00 Final Submission date. Hand in coursework Design I used Microsoft Access to create my database design structures. I followed the wizard and created four database design structures. I also explained and criticised each one. I then chose the best database design structure that I thought was most suitable to the task. Finally I printed all the structures on a Lexmark Z31 color jetprinter. Contents 1. Analysis Page 3 2. Design Page 18 3. Implementation Page 31 4. Testing Page 61 5. Evaluation Page 68 Questionnaire Analysis I recently visited the Virgin Megastore and MVC in Walsall with a couple of friends and interviewed both managers. We got them to fill the client questionnaires in that we designed together. We did this because we knew that both managers would be very busy so we designed it together to speed the process up and to have ideas on alternative methods of creating the system and database design structures. We found out that both companies are potential users of mail order and both agree that it is very reliable to store and process their data by using the system and agree that the system is not completely perfect as some errors do occur once in a while. The cost of mail order depends on how many products are purchased. Both use database and word-processing to store and process their data respectively. The mail order service is for any age group and both companies have a wide variety of music CDs available for the users of the system. Virgin Megastore uses the Internet mainly for their systems but both head offices decide the hardware and software that the companies use for their systems to run effectively. Their opinions on mail order are that it is very easy to use and that it is reliable enough, as they have been using the system for years. We were told that you get what you want out of mail order and we were given Virgins website to find out more information on mail order: [emailprotected] We got both managers to sign our questionnaires as evidence that we visited the companies. I also did a customer questionnaire to find out the views of the public and customers. I got many people to fill my customer questionnaire in and left a copy inside my folder to show an example of what it looked like after a member of the public filled it in. I found that Pop music was the most popular with people and classical the least popular. Most people would pay between à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10-15 for a music CD. This is because the best CDs are highly priced therefore most customers are prepared to take that risk and spend over the limit just to get the latest music. Very few people order their music of the Internet because not all people are connected to the Internet and the people who are think that the system is unreliable. Virgin Megastore is the most popular music store as it has many customers and WH Smith has the least amount of customers who buy music from the shop. Most people I did a survey upon were between the 10-20-age category. Now that I have analysed my questionnaire, I will justify my design specification. Design Specification The following shows details about the design structures, ease of use, quality of user documentation, types of output and presentation. I will show this by doing the following: * Do printouts to show an exploration of data in a computer database to obtain specific information. * Do printouts that I have thoroughly checked and edited the databases. (I.e., correct errors, add and delete records, fields). * Show my data collection methods suitable for the printouts and other output that I may require. * Do printouts showing simple and complex searches for specific information. * Show evidence that I have chosen a data handling package and constructed a database. * Write an explanation of what has been done at every stage of my work, giving details of the software used and how it has enabled me to create and develop my work. Candidate No.- 6071 Centre No.- 20860 Data File I obtained my data using my data collection sheets and entered by hand a suitable sample. I received feedback from my family, friends and relatives. I later typed the data up in Microsoft Access. The table is shown below: Customer ID Last Name First Name Gender Birthdate Place of Birth 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Data File Below is the data that I typed up in Microsoft Access: Customer ID Last Name First Name Gender Birthdate Place of birth 1 BASRA SUKHPINDER M 10/05/85 WALSALL 2 SANOBAR MANSOOR M 27/12/84 WALSALL 3 HUSSAIN AKHTAR M 06/03/85 WALSALL 4 GANI BODRUL M 14/01/85 WALSALL 5 BHANGAL HARPREET M 04/12/84 WALSALL 6 AHMED NABEEL M 16/11/84 KASHMIR 7 UDDIN AZIR M 24/10/84 WALSALL 8 BOULTON KERRY F 29/11/84 WALSALL 9 BEGUM SHAHEENA F 25/02/85 WALSALL 10 AZIZ ARZOO F 18/01/85 WALSALL 11 QAMAR NAFISA F 19/07/85 WALSALL 12 MANN HARBAJAN M 11/04/65 GLASGOW 13 GINOLA DAVID M 03/05/68 TOTTENHAM 14 DEL PIERO ALESSANDRO M 10/11/75 ROME 15 BATISTUTA GABRIEL M 02/04/69 ROME 16 KLINSMANN JURGEN M 25/12/67 MUNICH 17 REBROV SERGEI M 12/12/75 WALSALL 18 ARMSTRONG CHRIS M 03/04/71 TOTTENHAM 19 CAMPBELL SOL M 04/12/74 TOTTENHAM 20 ANDERTON DARREN M 26/10/71 TOTTENHAM 21 VIERI CHRISTIAN M 04/03/74 MILAN 22 CARR STEVEN M 27/05/77 TOTTENHAM 23 LES FERDINAND M 03/01/67 TOTTENHAM 24 GAREWAL MANDEEP M 17/08/84 WALSALL 25 AFZAL IRFAN M 12/09/84 WALSALL 26 MICHAELS SHAWN M 21/07/67 NEW YORK 27 AUSTIN STEVE M 07/06/85 TEXAS 28 NAGVI ASADULLAH F 10/06/85 WALSALL 29 SINGH PIARA F 01/01/39 SLOUGH 30 CUBRA ROGER M 04/07/59 HALIFAX Data File 1 The data file below is very useful because the customer names are in ascending order by their first name, which makes it easier for the user to find a specific person. Customer ID Last Name First Name Gender Birthdate Place of birth 3 HUSSAIN AKHTAR M 06/03/85 WALSALL 14 DEL PIERO ALESSANDRO M 10/11/75 ROME 10 AZIZ ARZOO F 18/01/85 WALSALL 28 NAGVI ASADULLAH F 10/06/85 WALSALL 7 UDDIN AZIR M 24/10/84 WALSALL 4 GANI BODRUL M 14/01/85 WALSALL 18 ARMSTRONG CHRIS M 03/04/71 TOTTENHAM 21 VIERI CHRISTIAN M 04/03/74 MILAN 20 ANDERTON DARREN M 26/10/71 TOTTENHAM 13 GINOLA DAVID M 03/05/68 TOTTENHAM 23 LES FERDINAND M 03/01/67 TOTTENHAM 15 BATISTUTA GABRIEL M 02/04/69 ROME 12 MANN HARBAJAN M 11/04/65 GLASGOW 5 BHANGAL HARPREET M 04/12/84 WALSALL 25 AFZAL IRFAN M 12/09/84 WALSALL 16 KLINSMANN JURGEN M 25/12/67 MUNICH 8 BOULTON KERRY F 29/11/84 WALSALL 24 GAREWAL MANDEEP M 17/08/84 WALSALL 2 SANOBAR MANSOOR M 27/12/84 WALSALL 6 AHMED NABEEL M 16/11/84 KASHMIR 11 QAMAR NAFISA F 19/07/85 WALSALL 29 SINGH PIARA F 01/01/39 SLOUGH 30 CUBRA ROGER M 04/07/59 HALIFAX 17 REBROV SERGEI M 12/12/75 WALSALL 9 BEGUM SHAHEENA F 25/02/85 WALSALL 26 MICHAELS SHAWN M 21/07/67 NEW YORK 19 CAMPBELL SOL M 04/12/74 TOTTENHAM 27 AUSTIN STEVE M 07/06/85 TEXAS 22 CARR STEVEN M 27/05/77 TOTTENHAM 1 BASRA SUKHPINDER M 10/05/85 WALSALL Data File 2 The data file below is in ascending order by the place of birth. It is not very useful because many customers are from the same birthplace so it would be difficult for the user to search a customers record. Customer ID Last Name First Name Gender Birthdate Place of birth 12 MANN HARBAJAN M 11/04/65 GLASGOW 30 CUBRA ROGER M 04/07/59 HALIFAX 6 AHMED NABEEL M 16/11/84 KASHMIR 21 VIERI CHRISTIAN M 04/03/74 MILAN 16 KLINSMANN JURGEN M 25/12/67 MUNICH 26 MICHAELS SHAWN M 21/07/67 NEW YORK 15 BATISTUTA GABRIEL M 02/04/69 ROME 14 DEL PIERO ALESSANDRO M 10/11/75 ROME 29 SINGH PIARA F 01/01/39 SLOUGH 27 AUSTIN STEVE M 07/06/85 TEXAS 13 GINOLA DAVID M 03/05/68 TOTTENHAM 22 CARR STEVEN M 27/05/77 TOTTENHAM 20 ANDERTON DARREN M 26/10/71 TOTTENHAM 19 CAMPBELL SOL M 04/12/74 TOTTENHAM 18 ARMSTRONG CHRIS M 03/04/71 TOTTENHAM 23 LES FERDINAND M 03/01/67 TOTTENHAM 2 SANOBAR MANSOOR M 27/12/84 WALSALL 3 HUSSAIN AKHTAR M 06/03/85 WALSALL 4 GANI BODRUL M 14/01/85 WALSALL 5 BHANGAL HARPREET M 04/12/84 WALSALL 7 UDDIN AZIR M 24/10/84 WALSALL 8 BOULTON KERRY F 29/11/84 WALSALL 9 BEGUM SHAHEENA F 25/02/85 WALSALL 10 AZIZ ARZOO F 18/01/85 WALSALL 28 NAGVI ASADULLAH F 10/06/85 WALSALL 1 BASRA SUKHPINDER M 10/05/85 WALSALL 25 AFZAL IRFAN M 12/09/84 WALSALL 17 REBROV SERGEI M 12/12/75 WALSALL 24 GAREWAL MANDEEP M 17/08/84 WALSALL 11 QAMAR NAFISA F 19/07/85 WALSALL Data File 3 The data file is in ascending order by the customers date of birth. As you can see it is very useful because it shows the date of birth from the oldest to the youngest person in order, the way the customer pays and their address which makes it relatively easy for the user of the system. All the user has to do is to type in a birthdate using the search to find the customers age. Customer ID Last Name First Name Gender Birthdate Place of birth Address Pay by 1 BASRA SUKHPINDER M 10/05/85 WALSALL 27 Willoherb Close Cash 2 SANOBAR MANSOOR M 27/12/84 WALSALL 24 Lord Street Cash 3 HUSSAIN AKHTAR M 06/03/85 WALSALL 12 Maple Drive Cash 4 GANI BODRUL M 14/01/85 WALSALL 123 Broadway West Cash 5 BHANGAL HARPREET M 04/12/84 WALSALL 2 Poppy Drive Cash 6 AHMED NABEEL M 16/11/84 KASHMIR 15 Tarsemir Close Cash 7 UDDIN AZIR M 24/10/84 WALSALL 5 Milton Street Cash 8 BOULTON KERRY F 29/11/84 WALSALL 17 Bell Lane Cash 9 BEGUM SHAHEENA F 25/02/85 WALSALL 69 Milton Street Cash 10 AZIZ ARZOO F 18/01/85 WALSALL 33 Caldmore Road Cash 11 QAMAR NAFISA F 19/07/85 WALSALL 44 Milton Street Cash 12 MANN HARBAJAN M 11/04/65 GLASGOW 27 Rosehip Close Cheque 13 GINOLA DAVID M 03/05/68 TOTTENHAM 77 Park Lane Cheque 14 DEL PIERO ALESSANDRO M 10/11/75 ROME 17 Honeysuckle Drive Visa 15 BATISTUTA GABRIEL M 02/04/69 ROME 19 Santi Bernabeau Cheque 16 KLINSMANN JURGEN M 25/12/67 MUNICH 64 Stadio Olimpico Visa 17 REBROV SERGEI M 12/12/75 WALSALL 24 White Hart Lane Cheque 18 ARMSTRONG CHRIS M 03/04/71 TOTTENHAM 9 Bow Street Cash 19 CAMPBELL SOL M 04/12/74 TOTTENHAM 67 White Hart Lane Cash 20 ANDERTON DARREN M 26/10/71 TOTTENHAM 34 Trafalgar Square Cheque 21 VIERI CHRISTIAN M 04/03/74 MILAN 21 Las Palmas Visa 22 CARR STEVEN M 27/05/77 TOTTENHAM 7 Oxford Street Visa 23 LES FERDINAND M 03/01/67 TOTTENHAM 137 Broadway West Visa 24 GAREWAL MANDEEP M 17/08/84 WALSALL 56 West Bromwich Road Cash 25 AFZAL IRFAN M 12/09/84 WALSALL 121 Newman Street Cash 26 MICHAELS SHAWN M 21/07/67 NEW YORK 97 HBK Merchandise Cheque 27 AUSTIN STEVE M 07/06/85 TEXAS 44 Rattlesnake Willows Cheque 28 NAGVI ASADULLAH F 10/06/85 WALSALL 27 West Bromwich Road Cash 29 SINGH PIARA F 01/01/39 SLOUGH 4 Poppy Drive Cheque 30 CUBRA ROGER M 04/07/59 HALIFAX 23 Lord Street Visa Best Data File I think my third data file was the best because it is the easiest and quickest way for the user to locate a customer. All the user has to do is type in a birth date and it will give a list of birthdates. This depends if the user uses AND, OR, LIKE or NOT in their search. They can also do this to find the customer address or the way in which the customer wants to pay. I rejected my second data file because if the user used AND, OR or LIKE I their search, there would be a big list say if the user chose to search by Walsall or Tottenham so it would take longer for the user to access a specific customers data. I rejected my first data file because if say the user of the system typed in Chris in their search then Christian would also come up too because Chris is the first part of Christian. This suggests that the data file is not very reliable to the user. Changes to the system After examining and evaluating alternative methods of creating my system I have made a few changes to my databases. I looked at the original data given to me and wrote down the things that I needed to change. Here are some of the things I need to do/change to the database: * Create a data structure that holds record information * Create a database structure that holds customer information * Add a few extra fields * Change the layout of the page slightly * Update the information to the modern day. CD Sample This is a bad database. It has only four fields and does not tell you any details of the potential user or how many CDs are in stock. The data is placed in any order so it is difficult for the user to find the Title of the CD or CDs they want to order. Also the prices are not in ascending order so the user has to look carefully whether the CD is in their price range or not. Older users of the system tend to like older music and the Year of release is not in ascending order so it is hard for the older user to locate the era in which the CD was produced. How the Hardware and Software I used influenced me to my design The hardware I used influenced me very much. I used a printer, which printed all my database design structures and data collection sheets very quickly. I printed all the structures on a Lexmark Z31 color jetprinter. I also used a photocopier to copy my data collection sheets and for my questionnaires. Record Information Design Structure Design View Datasheet View Artist Title Year Price Quantity A1 Take me on 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.00 3 Architechs Body Groove 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7.00 8 Bon Jovi Crush 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00 5 Bon Jovi Its my life 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00 16 Britney Spears Oops I did it again! 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8.00 2 Craig David 7 Days 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.00 7 Craig David Fill me in 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00 9 Eminem The Marshall Mathers 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00 10 Eminem The way I am 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.00 15 Five Invincible 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00 5 Madonna Music 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.00 8 Mel C I turn to you 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7.00 4 Richard Blackwood 1234 Get with the wicked 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8.00 4 Robbie Williams Rock DJ 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.00 13 Ronan Keating Ronan 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6.00 9 S Club 7 Reach 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00 3 SNOOP D.D. FEAT. DR DRE ITS A G THING 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9.00 1 Spice Girls Holler 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.00 11 Various Artists Gatecrasher: global sound system 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.00 6 Various Artists Fresh Hits 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12.00 3 Various Artists Now thats what I call music! 46 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12.00 8 Whitney Houston Greatest Hits 1999 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12.00 2 Wyclef Jean It doesnt matter 2000 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10.00 7 Design Structure 2 Design View Datasheet View Design Structure 3 Design View Datasheet View Record Information Design Structure 1 This is a better database design structure because it includes the quantity of CDs left in stock and the Title is in ascending order, which is easier for the user to find the CD that they are specifically looking for. Design Structure 2 This is a good database design structure because it has two extra fields. These are the customer ID number and the highest entry of the CD. This is therefore a lot easier for the user to access the database. Design Structure 3 This is the best database design structure for the record information out of the lot because the price is in ascending order so it will satisfy all users, especially the users that only buy CDs at a certain price. Customer Information Structure 1 Design View Datasheet View Structure 2 Design View Datasheet View Structure 3 Design View Datasheet View Customer Information Structure 1 This is not the best database design structure because it doesnt tell you all the information about the potential user. It doesnt include things like the telephone number in case the company needs to get in touch with the user of the system. Structure 2 This database design structure is slightly better because it gives you a bit more information about the potential user. It gives the system users telephone number in case the company needs to get in touch in the case of a problem. Structure 3 This is by far the best design structure as it tells you a lot of details about the potential user. It gives their ID number, name, address, age, gender, telephone number and what way they would like to pay; either by Visa, cheque or case. Influences of Hardware and Software available The software I chose did not help as much as I expected it too much. Microsoft Word is mainly to do with typing text and cant produce a table like the ones in Microsoft Access. However, Microsoft Access and the Internet were very useful to me. Access helped me quite a lot because the program has wizards, which helped me create the structures. It was also easy to do datasheets because the software is very good at guiding you through the processes. I used the Internet to find relevant information, including data structures and layouts of them. The hardware I used helped me very much. I used a printer to print my structures off and a photocopier to scan my questionnaires. These influenced me very much because they were easy to use. The records above are a database for the number of music CDs in stock. I had taken into account the views of potential users of my system and decided to leave the database how it is, keeping the price of the CDs in ascending order (from cheapest to most expensive) as it easy for the user to find a specific search price. Access 2000 System Requirements Here are the system requirements to run Microsoft Access 2000: * PC with a Pentium 75 megahertz (MHz) or higher processor * Microsoft Windows(r) 95 or later operating system, or Microsoft Windows NT(r) Workstation operating system version 4.0 Service Pack 3 or later * For Windows 95 or Windows 98: 16 megabytes (MB) of RAM for the operating system, plus an additional 8 MB of RAM for Access * For Windows NT Workstation: 32 MB of RAM for the operating system, plus an additional 8 MB of RAM for Access * 161 MB of available hard-disk space (Number indicates typical installation; your hard-disk usage will vary depending on configuration. Choices made during custom installation may require more or less hard-disk space.) * CD-ROM drive * VGA or higher-resolution monitor; Super VGA recommended * Microsoft Mouse, Microsoft Intellimouse, or compatible pointing device Additional items or services required to use certain features: * 9600 baud modem; 14,400 or higher-baud modem recommended * Multimedia computer required to access sound and other multimedia effects * Microsoft Outlook 2000 or Microsoft Outlook Express 5.0 or later required to run Office E-mail * 8 MB of additional memory required to run Office E-mail * Some Internet functionality may require Internet access and payment of a separate fee to a service provider Troubleshooting guide for Microsoft Access A database will not compact for any of the following reasons: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ You dont have enough storage space on your disk for both the original and compacted versions of the database. Delete any unneeded files and try again. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ You dont have Modify Design or Administer permission for all tables in the database. If you dont own this database, contact its owner to find out whether you can be given either of these permissions on all tables. If you own this database, you need to update your permissions for all tables. For more information on assigning permissions, click. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ If an object in a version 1.x database includes the backquote character (`) in its name, you wont be able to compact the database. Use Microsoft Access version 1.x to rename the object, and then change any references to it in your queries, forms, reports, macros, and code. Assign or remove permissions for a database and existing database objects 1 Open the database that contains the objects you want to secure. The workgroup information file in use when you log on must contain the user or group accounts you want to assign permissions for at this time; however, you can assign permissions to groups and add users to those groups later. 2 On the Tools menu, point to Security, and then click User and Group Permissions. 3 On the Permissions tab, click Users or Groups, and then click the user or group whose permissions you want to assign in the User/Group Name box. 4 Click the type of object in the Object Type box, and then click the name of the object to assign permissions for in the Object Name box. Tip You can select multiple objects in the Object Name box by dragging through the objects you want to select or by holding down CTRL and clicking the objects you want. 5 Under Permissions select the permissions you want to assign, or clear the permissions you want to remove for the group or user, and then click Apply. Repeat steps 4 and 5 to assign or remove permissions for additional objects for the current user or group. 6 Repeat steps 3 through 5 for any additional users or groups, and then click OK when you have finished. Important If you assign or remove permissions for Visual Basic code (forms, reports, or modules), those permissions will not take effect until the database is closed and reopened. Troubleshoot editing data in a field There are several kinds of fields in forms or datasheets that you cant edit. The following fields display values just as regular fields do, but if you try to enter data into them, nothing happens: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ AutoNumber fields. If a field has an AutoNumber data type, Microsoft Access automatically assigns the next consecutive number or unique random number to this field for each record you add. This type of field is often used as a record ID number or primary key. When you start adding a new record, Microsoft Access automatically fills in the fields value for you and you cant edit it. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Calculated fields. A Calculated field displays values that Microsoft Access calculates. They are usually based on other fields in your tables, but calculated fields are not stored in tables. You cant edit calculated fields. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Locked or disabled fields. If a control on a form has the Locked property set to Yes or the Enabled property set to No, you cant edit the data in the field. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Fields in a locked record. If you use Microsoft Access in a multi-user environment and another user locks a record, you cant edit the data in the record. When you move to a locked record, the locked record indicator is displayed in the record selector. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Fields in snapshots. While most queries return recordsets that you can edit, some queries return snapshots, which cant be edited. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Field in a read-only form or a locked database. If the form youre using has the AllowEdits property set to No or if the underlying data is read-only or locked by another person, you cant edit data in the form. Why did the size of my database increase significantly more than the size of the object I added? The amount of information used to represent an object is often greater than the size of the object itself. One way to work around this is to display an icon representing the object instead of the object itself in the form or report. When you display an icon, the OLE server (the application used to create the object) sends only the information needed to display the icon. When you double-click the icon, the OLE server is launched with the data that the icon represents. My picture becomes distorted when I size it. To keep a pictures proportions when you size it, use the Picture Size Mode property (for background pictures) or the Size Mode property (for bound object frames, unbound object frames, and image controls). If the picture is a bitmap, its best to use the Zoom setting rather than the Stretch setting. You should also consider using a metafile rather than a bitmap since you can size metafiles without causing distortions. For more guidance on any queries, click on help on the menu and click- on either Microsoft Access Help, Contents and index or Microsoft on the Web where you will receive expert on-line guidance. Troubleshooting guide for Microsoft Word I changed the fill, border, shadow, or 3-D effect, but when I create a drawing object, I get the old settings. The default style is being applied to the new drawing object. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To change the default settings for new drawing objects, select an object that has the attributes you want. On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, and then click Set AutoShape Defaults. Prevent a table row from breaking across pages 1 Click the table. 2 On the Table menu, click Cell Height and Width, and then click the Row tab. 3 Clear the Allow row to break across pages. Word isnt automatically inserting my text or graphics. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To turn on AutoCorrect, click AutoCorrect on the Tools menu, and then make sure the Replace text as you type check box is selected. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ When you type an AutoCorrect name, make sure to precede it with a space and follow it with another space or a punctuation mark. How can I get data from another program into Word without starting the source program? By default, when you insert database information or attach it as a mail merge data source, Word uses DDE to read the data file. DDE automatically starts the source program (such as Microsoft Excel) and then opens the data file. If you dont want to start the source program, you can use ODBC or file converters instead of DDE to read the data file directly. To do this, insert the database information, or attach it as a mail merge data source as usual. In the Open Data Source dialog box, select the Select method check box before you click Open. Then, each time you insert database information or attach it as a mail merge data source, Word opens the Confirm Data Source dialog box so that you can click the ODBC driver or file converter you want. Text that I print looks different from text on the screen. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Word might be displaying text as draft fonts. On the Tools menu, click Options, and then click the View tab. Clear the Draft font check box. This option will be available only if you are in normal view. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Word might be printing a draft of your text. On the Tools menu, click Options, and then click the Print tab. Clear the Draft output check box. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The font in your document might not be available on the printer youre using. Change the font in your document to a TrueType font, or change the font to one that is available on your printer. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Animated text effects dont print. If text in your document is animated, it will print with the underlying text formatting 3/4 such as bold or italic 3/4 but the animated effects will not print. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The font in your document might be one that is available on your printer but that doesnt have a matching screen font. Windows substitutes a TrueType font to display the text on the screen. Try changing the font in your document to a TrueType font. When I try to save changes to a document, I get a message saying the document is read-only. You cant make changes to a read-only document. To save changes, you need to save the document with a new name. You can use the same name if you save the document in a new or different folder. My e-mail is very slow or not working correctly. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To use WordMail as your e-mail editor, you should have at least 12 megabytes of memory available. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Before using WordMail, close any Word dialog boxes that are open. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Programs that work in the background, such as virus-scanning programs, may slow down WordMail and Word in general. Use System Monitor 3/4 an optional Windows 95 accessory program 3/4 to see if you are running programs that slow down your computers performance and to see which program is using the highest percentage of processor time. Graphics dont appear when I print. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Make sure that youre not using the draft output option, which doesnt print graphics. On the Tools menu, click Options, and then click the Print tab. The Draft output check box should be cleared. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Make sure that youre not printing field codes for graphics youve linked from files created in other programs. On the Tools menu, click Options, and then click the Print tab. The Field codes check box should be cleared. Freehand drawing is hard to control. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Try increasing the magnification in the Zoom Control box. Its easier to draw details at 200 percent. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Use the Freeform button instead of the Scribble button. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Try setting your mouse to the slowest tracking speed available in Windows Control Panel. You have greater control when you draw at a slow speed. à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ You can adjust the shape of freeform to make them look smoother. For more guidance on any queries, click on help on the menu and click- on either Microsoft Word Help, Contents and index or Microsoft on the Web where you will receive expert on-line advice. Troubleshooting guide for the Internet Finding the information you want You can find information on the Web in a variety of ways. * Click the Search button on the toolbar to gain access to a number of search providers. Type a word or phrase in the Search box. * Type go, find, or ? Followed by a word or phrase in the Address bar. Internet Explorer starts a search using its predetermined search provider. * After you go to a Web page, you can search for specific text on that page by clicking the Edit menu and then clicking Find. Note * If a Web address doesnt work, Internet Explorer asks if you want to search for similar Web addresses. You can change this setting so that Internet Explorer searches automatically without prompting. For more information, see Related Topics below. Protecting your identity over the Internet You can use a personal certificate to protect your identity over the Internet. A certificate is a statement guaranteeing the identity of a person or the security of a Web site. You can control the use of your own identity by having the private key that only you know on your own system. When used with mail programs, security certificates with private keys are also known as digital IDs. Internet Explorer uses two different types of certificates: * A personal certificate is a kind of guarantee that you are who you say you is. This information is used when you send personal information over the Internet to a Web site that requires a certificate verifying your identity. * A Web site certificate states that a specific Web site is secure and genuine. It ensures that no other Web site can assume the identity of the original secure site. Using accessibility features in Internet Explorer In addition to Microsoft Windows accessibility products and services, the following features make Internet Explorer more accessible for people with disabilities. Keyboard access All features in Internet Explorer are accessible to you by using the keyboard or the mouse. With Internet Explorer, you can explore the Web by using the keyboard. Just press TAB and SHIFT+TAB to move forward and backward between screen elements such as: * Links that are text or images * Hotspots on image maps * The Address bar * The menu bar * The Links bar * Frames For more information about keyboard access, see Internet Explorer shortcuts. Highlighting box As you move to or click a link or image, a thin border appears around it so you can see what is selected. Customise the font size, formatting, and colours You can specify the font sizes, styles and colours, and foreground and background colours of Web pages displayed on your computer screen, even if the author of the Web page has already specified these. You can also specify the colour used to indicate links in Web pages, or a special colour for links that is used only when the mouse passes over the link. This is useful if you have low vision, need larger fonts, or need high-contrast colours. You can set Internet Explorer to use the colours and fonts you specify, your default Windows colours and fonts, or the settings you specify in your own style sheet. For more information, see Changing fonts and background colours. Customise the toolbar You can customise the toolbar by adding or removing buttons, using small or large icons, and showing or hiding the text on the labels. Just right-click the toolbar and then click Customise. If you have low vision, you may want to add the Size button for quick access to the relative font size. If you are using a screen reader, you may want to select Small Icons in the Icon Options list and No text labels in the Text Options list to maximise the amount of screen space available for Web content. Advanced options that make Internet Explorer more accessible You can select or clear several options that may make Internet Explorer more accessible. To display these options, click the Tools menu, click Internet Options, and then click the advanced tab. * Use smooth scrolling and Enable page transitions If you use a screen magnification or screen reader program, you may want to clear these check boxes. If you use a voice recognition program, and you experience recognition errors during smooth scrolling and transitions, you may also want to clear these check boxes. * Show pictures If you have low vision, you may want to clear these check boxes to improve performance. If you are sensitive to screen flashing, you may also want to clear these check boxes. * Print background colours and images If you have low vision, you may want to clear this check box to improve print legibility. Advantages and Limitations of Software The software I used was Microsoft Word, Microsoft Access and the Internet. I used Word to criticise my three databases. Microsoft Access and the Internet were the most useful to me. I used Microsoft Access to create my tables using the Wizard for my databases. I used the Internet to find out information about the latest singles to download relevant information about prices of the CDs, the Artists and the structure of databases used in mail order companies. Advantages Microsoft Word * You can type up your data in this software using different formats of text * Copy and paste from other files * Checks any spelling errors * Gives a clear troubleshooting guide for new users Microsoft Access * Wizard for guidance of structuring techniques * Easy to do datasheets * Gives you the option of creating your database in design view or on the datasheet itself * Checks any spelling errors * Automatically stores created documents * East to change and update data Internet * Download relevant information of the web such as page layouts, data structures and modern day music * You can open a new window to see another search result with a click of a button * You can get feedback from companies via the web using the e-mail service. Limitations Microsoft Word * Cant create tables like Microsoft Access Microsoft Access * Cant type data up using different formats of text * Easy for data to be accidentally altered Internet * Downloading files can take time * Many spelling mistakes in downloaded work Verification and Validation Techniques The first stage is the database itself. This is where all the information (records) in the system are stored. It is important that a good understanding of the exact needs of the system is calculated, so that the database can be structured properly. I have used Microsoft Access to create the database for this system, because my system is based towards a small business environment. It is also widely available and widely used and is pretty simple to setup and manage. Microsoft Access is a relational database. This means that its structure is made up of tables, or entities. Each of these tables holds rows and columns of data. Each row is called a record or tuple, and each column is called an attribute. All the records in the table are in some way related to each other. The database required for the system contains two main categories: (1) A category that holds the record information (2) A category that holds a customer information. Both databases need fields that have to be unique, such as customer ID numbers. I set the database to handle this by auto generating the customer id number. This creates a new number all the time, in access the AutoNumber option is used for that field. Also in cases like phone numbers, this is selected so that you have to enter the number in the correct format. These are some of the verification and validation techniques that I used. Example the customer ID field is indexed, and does not allow any duplicates! How the system could have been improved or created in a more better way The system could have been created and have been linked directly to the Internet. So all the access to all the data by all users including customers could have been done on the Internet. This could be setup in a way where a programming language like Java is used to connect the Access database to the Internet. These kinds of internet/web databases follow the client server model. A database engine sits on some central computer somewhere and serves data to multiple clients, which are in the form of an Internet browser. Within this process, we also have a web server. This handles requests from the web browsers and then forwards them to the database. The web server then waits for the database to respond and then pass on that response to the waiting clients. In this way normal users of the database, such as the people that enter and process the orders and record information, would login using an ID and password, and they would be given access to the operations that they require. Whereas customers would log on to the Internet site, enter all the find and order the CDs they need, this would be then checked and verified, and the database would be updated, so that the order can be processed. Diagram of system model: Searches I will now produce a series of simple and complex searches to demonstrate what the system can do, with clear explanations. The complex searches will include two examples each of AND, OR and NOT. Searches with AND 1. If you wish to find out the number of males that live in Walsall, the user would do the following search: m AND walsall As a result of the search the following data will be shown: 1 BASRA SUKHPINDER M 10/05/85 WALSALL 27 Willoherb Close Cash 2 SANOBAR MANSOOR M 27/12/84 WALSALL 24 Lord Street Cash 3 HUSSAIN AKHTAR M 06/03/85 WALSALL 12 Maple Drive Cash 4 GANI BODRUL M 14/01/85 WALSALL 123 Broadway West Cash 5 BHANGAL HARPREET M 04/12/84 WALSALL 2 Poppy Drive Cash 6 AHMED NABEEL M 16/11/84 KASHMIR 15 Tarsemir Close Cash 7 UDDIN AZIR M 24/10/84 WALSALL 5 Milton Street Cash 17 REBROV SERGEI M 12/12/75 WALSALL 24 White Hart Lane Cheque 24 GAREWAL MANDEEP M 17/08/84 WALSALL 56 West Bromwich Road Cash 25 AFZAL IRFAN M 12/09/84 WALSALL 121 Newman Street Cash 2. If you wish to find out the number of females that live in Walsall, the user would do the following search: f AND walsall As a result of the search the following data will be shown: 8 BOULTON KERRY F 29/11/84 WALSALL 17 Bell Lane Cash 9 BEGUM SHAHEENA F 25/02/85 WALSALL 69 Milton Street Cash 10 AZIZ ARZOO F 18/01/85 WALSALL 33 Caldmore Road Cash 11 QAMAR NAFISA F 19/07/85 WALSALL 44 Milton Street Cash 28 NAGVI ASADULLAH F 10/06/85 WALSALL 27 West Bromwich Road Cash Searches with OR 1. If you wish to search for people living on Newman Street and Milton Street, the user of my system will do the following search: newman OR milton As a result of the search the following data will be shown: 7 UDDIN AZIR M 24/10/84 WALSALL 5 Milton Street Cash 9 BEGUM SHAHEENA F 25/02/85 WALSALL 69 Milton Street Cash 11 QAMAR NAFISA F 19/07/85 WALSALL 44 Milton Street Cash 25 AFZAL IRFAN M 12/09/84 WALSALL 121 Newman Street Cash Notice that I never included street, as there are other roads that ended in street in my best data file (data file 3). 2. If the user wishes to find out information on the people born in Tottenham and Rome, they will do the following search: tot OR rom As a result of the search the following data will be shown: 13 GINOLA DAVID M 03/05/68 TOTTENHAM 77 Park Lane Cheque 14 DEL PIERO ALESSANDRO M 10/11/75 ROME 17 Honeysuckle Drive Visa 15 BATISTUTA GABRIEL M 02/04/69 ROME 19 Santi Bernabeau Cheque 18 ARMSTRONG CHRIS M 03/04/71 TOTTENHAM 9 Bow Street Cash 19 CAMPBELL SOL M 04/12/74 TOTTENHAM 67 White Hart Lane Cash 20 ANDERTON DARREN M 26/10/71 TOTTENHAM 34 Trafalgar Square Cheque 22 CARR STEVEN M 27/05/77 TOTTENHAM 7 Oxford Street Visa 23 LES FERDINAND M 03/01/67 TOTTENHAM 137 Broadway West Visa Notice that I have used fewer characters in my search, as their no other fields except the address field that begins with tot or rom. This also saves some of the users time. Searches with NOT 1. If the user wants to find out about females only that were born in the year 1985, they will do the following search: f 85 NOT m As a result of the search the following data will be shown: 9 BEGUM SHAHEENA F 25/02/85 WALSALL 69 Milton Street Cash 10 AZIZ ARZOO F 18/01/85 WALSALL 33 Caldmore Road Cash 11 QAMAR NAFISA F 19/07/85 WALSALL 44 Milton Street Cash 28 NAGVI ASADULLAH F 10/06/85 WALSALL 27 West Bromwich Road Cash The system would first search for females and then look for the number 85. The search would now be complete, as the list above suggests. 2. If the user wants to search for the people who pay by cheque to buy music, they do the following search: cheque NOT visa NOT cash As a result of the search the following data will be shown: 12 MANN HARBAJAN M 11/04/65 GLASGOW 27 Rosehip Close Cheque 13 GINOLA DAVID M 03/05/68 TOTTENHAM 77 Park Lane Cheque 15 BATISTUTA GABRIEL M 02/04/69 ROME 19 Santi Bernabeau Cheque 17 REBROV SERGEI M 12/12/75 WALSALL 24 White Hart Lane Cheque 20 ANDERTON DARREN M 26/10/71 TOTTENHAM 34 Trafalgar Square Cheque 26 MICHAELS SHAWN M 21/07/67 NEW YORK 97 HBK Merchandise Cheque 27 AUSTIN STEVE M 07/06/85 TEXAS 44 Rattlesnake Willows Cheque 29 SINGH PIARA F 01/01/39 SLOUGH 4 Poppy Drive Cheque The system browses for the word cheque and provides the answer to the search, for the user of the system. Results of my searches I have analysed the results of my searches and compared them with the original stated requirements. I found that my searches were successful with AND, OR and NOT, therefore the user can use my system properly. The results show that the user only needs to type in a few characters to get what they want out of the searches. Comments from third party Below are the comments made by my friend about the viability of my new system: Daljits work is very thorough and he has very worked hard to create the new system. He has tested it in different ways to see that it functions correctly and has expanded it from the previous system that he created. To show how the system can be improved he has demonstrated ways of linking it to the world-wide web, just as the leading music companies have done, therefore music can be ordered on-line. His system works accurately as his searches proved and any user that uses the system can use it efficiently and effectively. The following are the changes that I made as a result of the comment above: * I produced annotated hard copy evidence at each stage of my work to show my improvement. * I asked the views of more than one person about the viability of my system and found that the comments were similar to my friend. * I included extra fields in my design.

10 Entry-Level Hospital Jobs That Are Hiring Right Now

10 Entry-Level Hospital Jobs That Are Hiring Right Now So you’ve decided you want to work in hospitals. That’s great! The healthcare sector is one of the most in-demand and steadily growing industries out there. And there are a ton of open entry-level positions that require little experience that will help you get your foot through the door. Here are 10  of the fastest bets for getting started in your hospital career- i.e. jobs that are hiring right now.1. Home Healthcare AideAs a home healthcare aide, you can work in daytime care facilities or straight from patients’ homes. You might end up doing some errands and household tasks, but you’ll also be gaining a ton of healthcare experience that will set you straight for future job searches. Average pay for healthcare aides is $20k per year.2. Registered NurseRegistered nurses are always in demand. You’ll need a nursing license and a degree, but the job growth is high and so is the salary, with median pay around $67k. You’ll have lots of flexibili ty about where you work, as well.3. Critical Care NurseCCNs have same credentials and salary as a registered nurse, but you’ll be working with patients in more life-threatening situations. Great growth and the daily opportunity to save lives are more job perks!4. Licensed Practical NurseLPNs make a median annual wage of about $43k, with great growth, and only need a nursing license and the completion of a 12-month nursing program. A  variety of work settings available for licensed LPNs.5. Certified Nursing AssistantsCNAs need only complete a state-approved education program. You might hear them referred to as â€Å"orderlies.† It’s not the most glamorous start, or the most well paid (~$26k), but it’s a way in to the industry while you build up your credentials for snazzier jobs.6. Medical AssistantA job as a medical assistant combines office duties and clinical duties for an average salary of about $30k. You can work in the offices and clinics of a vari ety of different physicians, and decide which part of hospital work you’re best at- administration or practical clinical work.7. Medical BillerHandle the billing, payments, and insurance issues for private offices, hospitals, and clinics- even rehab facilities. Median salary: $34k.8. Medical SecretaryMaybe you want to work in the healthcare field, but you’re not so great with needles or the sight of blood. No worries! You can help doctors with appointments, staff training, scheduling, supplies, correspondence, etc. instead. Average salary: $32k.9. Occupational Therapist AideGet your foot in the door of occupational therapy and also get a sense of the business side of what that sort of rehabilitation requires. Average salary: ~$32k.10. Patient Service RepresentativeYou may only need a high school diploma for this gig, though a degree will always stand you in better stead. You can make a median annual wage of just under $32k and work directly with patients, acting as a l iaison between medical staff and patients, and fielding the occasional complaint.

US History Since 1887 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US History Since 1887 - Movie Review Example The melancholy of that time in history is very well filmed by the director with the opening scenes showing ramshackle of houses and dust moving in circles all around. This scene portrays what deteriorated condition of the place was at that time. The story is about the struggles of Okies for bread and butter when their farms were closed by force by banks as the banks were financially collapsing. The movie revolves around the Joads family but the central character in my view in Tom Joad, who is released from prison only to find that his family no more live in their house by the farm. He soon finds them in a relatives place. The Joads are happy to have Tom back and they tell him about their plans to go to California, the land where they think they could find work and start living in a better condition. The Joads are shown to be in high spirits as they load all of their belongings in a truck that is to be driven by Tom. They all load in the truck, Ma Joad, Pa Joad, Grandpa Joad, Grandma Joad, Noah, Muley, Connie and Uncle John. There is no gender bias done by the director as he not only portrays the important role of Tom Joad in moving the family ahead after he returns from jail but the role of Ma Joad is no less emphasized. She is a strong woman from the very start of the movie to the very end of it, having a very deep love for his son Tom in jail; she is shown to have kept track of Tom all the while that he had been in jail. Although she was the one who did not want to go to California as her intuitions were telling her that something is wrong in going there, but her immense support for the family is depicted when she is shown to add a drug to rigid Pas coffee to get him into the truck. She has been shown to be the backbone of the family. As their loaded truck moves through the roads of America, the director has very amazingly depicted the landscape of that time, with houses that are dilapidated and all the farms and land is shown to

SAMSUNG electronics (public relation) Research Paper

SAMSUNG electronics (public relation) - Research Paper Example Statement of the situation: Samsung needs to improve its public relations in order to increase the sales of its new products and to maintain its brand image. Since there are a large number of subsidiaries to Samsung electronics, appropriate public relation strategies are needed in order to resolve potential problems. Samsung always tracked the latest technologies and moved accordingly. The company’s status varies from field to field. Samsung has never looked back since it has entered into DRAM or Dynamic Random Access Memory business in 1983. Despite of being dominant over other electronics companies existing today, the company always adopts policies, which can lift their reputation among the people. Its current policy of emphasizing on innovations is mainly encouraged by the future situations. The company is well alert on the matter of future downfall due to a fierce competition from the Chinese electronic manufactures in the field of memory chip making and electronic devices due to their policy of aggressive market expansion and low manufacturing cost. Therefore Samsung electronics need to have a strategic public relations plan, which will improve the company’s brand image. Since there are many branches and networks operating all over the world, the company can’t ensure the better working conditions of each of its employees. This can cause disinterest among employees towards the company’s goals and this will affect the public relations management of the firm negatively. Key strategies: The key strategies of Samsung’s new policy in improving public relations are: To be able to gain trust among the people so that they are always ready to depend on the company’s technologies spontaneously and without much effort from the company’s side. To be able to promote its name to increase the sales to considerable amount. This is not a difficult task keeping in mind that they are the dominant force in the market. To concent rate mainly on the changes that are required to withstand the future crisis basically from rivals as well as customers preferring other brands. To ensure better relationship with the consumers, by providing them the facilities they require. Strategic objectives: To achieve 100% customer satisfaction so that customers feel that Samsung’s latest technology is better than any product of the other companies. This will improve the public relations of Samsung electronics. To achieve 100% employee satisfaction. This is one of the best methods in improving public relations, that is, by gaining complete support from the employees. Having a strong commitment to the public as Samsung has invested in a sustainable electronics recycling program by teaming up with Global Electric Electronic Processing (GEEP) Key publics: Customers: As the main feature in any business organization is its customer, customers should be well aware of the new policies of the company. Since it is dominating over the electronics device departments, there will not be any lack of trust among the customers. The present customers that we have are more than satisfied with Samsung electronics and this paves a new way for the future prospective customers. With

Comparison of ICT and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Comparison of ICT and Education - Essay Example The interest in information and communications technology (ICT) swept the latter part of the twentieth century when technological advances grew at a massive rate. It is not, therefore, surprising that institutions like education have rushed towards technologies with open arms, and sometimes unprepared for it (Murphy, Walker and Webb, 2001). It is only until recently that challenges related to implementing ICT in education have caught the attention of researchers and academics. Studies, albeit seemingly retrospective in nature, remain promising in how it may be able to successfully make use of ICT in education. Is ICT in education effective, and if so, what makes it effective? These are the two primary questions that Skyler et al (2005) and McCarthy (2009) endeavored to answer in their research studies. The former team of researchers sought to find out if there are significant differences in student responses on a special education class that was delivered in three ways: traditional classroom, online classroom, and class-in-a-box using multimedia CD-ROMs (Skyler et al, 2005). McCarthy (2009), on the other hand, evaluated the use of WebCT in e-learning using Bloom’s taxonomy. Bloom’s taxonomy is often used for evaluation of students’ learning in traditional classrooms, and McCarthy (2009) applied this concept in e-learning. Generally, both articles examine the usefulness and effectiveness of ICT in education, but this is achieved through differences in the focus of the studies, which consequently direct the type of methodology used and the data collected. It would be go od to note that Skyler’s (2005) study in 2005 was used, among others, as a springboard for the McCarthy’s study in 2009. The 2005 study by Skyler et al. used pre-test, post-test and survey questionnaires to gather to examine if there were significant changes in the achievements and satisfaction of students taught in the three different settings mentioned above.

The Argumentative Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Argumentative Synthesis - Essay Example When a lay person is confronted with a certain situation, the first step is not to respond to the situation. Common sense will require that a person has to take immediate action and perform the required action. However, a lay person must first weigh different options with regards to the situation. For example, common sense demands that a person should help someone who has been slumped on the doorway (Ross & Nisbett, 628). However, this might not be the case as one has to consider various factors including the conditions that led to the situation. In some incidences, the individuals may also consider different factors surrounding the situation before making any decision. The response of the individuals does not mean that they personality can be deiced based on a particular individual. Common sense is therefore not a predictable guide for human behavior as the nature of the situation determines the actions that should be taken. Faced with a certain situation, the individuals have ended up making certain decisions that are correct although it does not reflect the concepts of common sense. The interventions of the bystanders depend on what they perceive to be important to them, at the time as compared to what common sense dictates. In an incidence where a man has been slumped in a door and seminary students going to deliver a sermon in the next ten minutes pass by, it is more likely that the seminary students may not provide any help. If they are required to deliver a sermon within ten minutes, they not likely to intervene. However, if they are to deliver a sermon in the next one hour they are likely to intervene. This is a further indication that the human behavior cannot be dictated by common sense in all the situations. More people would decline to offer any help if a man slumped in the door was drunk at the time although common sense requires individuals to offer help to anyone in distress (Ross & Nisbet t,

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 151

Assignment Example http://www.yourdictionary.com/cyberpornography 2. Email spoofing involves creating and sending email messages using a forged sender address so that the recipients of the messages are mislead about the actual source of the message. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/E/e_mail_spoofing.html 3. Intellectual property crime is a criminal activity that involves using a person’s design, trade mark, patent, or copyright without their permission. http://www.ipo.gov.uk/ipenforce/ipenforce-crime.htm 6. Data diddling is the illegal act of changing data before or as one enters it into a computer system and changing it back after it has been processed by the system. http://cybercrimeandforensic.blogspot.com/2009/02/data-diddling.html 8. Virus attack is an attack to a computer system by a malware program that replicates and modifies data files, computer programs, or hard drives after getting executed. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_virus 9. Salami attack is an attack that involves the acquisition of small, almost insignificant amounts of information or assets from different sources and using them to commit illegal activities such as electronic theft http://all.net/CID/Attack/papers/Salami2.html . 11. Trojan attack – an attack by a malware that poses as a program that is beneficial or harmless but that actually helps cyber criminals commit crime by stealing data from a computer system http://www.antivirus.com/security-software/definition/trojan-horse/ 15. Passphrase – a set of words or other characters that is used to controlling access to information, files, program, or computer system