The Power of Workshop Statistics

The Power of Workshop StatisticsA teacher unit test can be an important tool for teachers and other educators in helping them develop their teaching skills and develop important research skills. It helps them develop critical analysis skills that they can use in their future professional development. For example, there are many skills in the critical analysis area that are useful for professionals in other areas of education such as health, sports and education.The skill of analyzing a teacher unit test and then making a decision based on the analysis is called the CRITIQUE method. This is important because the CRITIQUE method allows teachers to compare different questions with similar questions that were used to identify a strong or weak point of a particular idea. If you were to read this into a piece of software, it could be very useful for preparing teachers to write a test.The fact that good critical analysis skills to help students learn more and understand the material better, this has been proven by research. As mentioned above, the student will need to do their own practice tests before they can sit down for a real teacher unit test and get a feel for what is coming at them. Some people are not comfortable doing a good test or a well written test, and this is something to be aware of if you have a teacher unit test that you are going to use.Writing a good teacher unit test is hard work, and when you get to the end of it and find that you still have a lot of work to do, your time is valuable. However, it is important to know that you can use this critical analysis skills in a workshop. This is a great way to prepare yourself to give your workshops.Even if you did not design your workshop in order to use workshop statistics, they are still useful. Therefore, this can help you prepare and know how to use workshop statistics. You can use the same concept, but in a workshop setting.One way that workshop statistics can be applied is to looking at how to impr ove a workshop. Many people think that workshop statistics are about the overall design of the workshop, but that is only one part of the picture. It is also important to know what problems the participants have with the design of the workshop.In addition, this means that the problem areas in the overall design are also important. For example, if you want to design a workshop on literacy and then the key problem areas that are present, the key challenge will be the literacy part of the overall design. So, if there are problems in the literacy portion of the workshop, then it would be wise to look at some other aspects of the design.If you are trying to get a student to do a test and they are having problems, then look at what the problem areas are with the teacher unit test. It is possible that you have identified a key problem that will help the student to sit down and write a better test.

Gilgamesh Research Paper Topics - the Story

Gilgamesh Research Paper Topics - the Story The Ultimate Gilgamesh Research Paper Topics Trick Writing an ideal research study is apparently quite a struggle, but you can manage it easier. Students are part of the educational system and in addition, they play a part in politics so such issues touch nearly all students in all nations. Anyway, they must not be disturbed. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on unique views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Our argumentative essay topic ideas are supposed to save your time when you must choose what things to write about. Researching the topic will enable you to find out more about what fascinates you, and should you pick something you truly like, writing the essay will be more enjoyable. To get started writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. Choosing topics for argumentative essays is critical for your general success. Deciding on your topic isn't that easy. If you get to select your own topic, that's terrific. Therefore, the topic ought to be debatable! Selecting an emotional topic is also a great idea. The Hidden Gem of Gilgamesh Research Paper Topics In an argumentative essay you're supposed to present arguments about either side and please so take note of important events and court rulings about the topics you're speaking about. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. If students find it impossible to pick a particular viewpoint, they are normally on the lookout for different arguments to tell. To compose an excellent argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, allowing them to make an educated stance. Selecting a simple topic may prove to be an incorrect track as you might have difficulties finding credible sources to support your views. Its features are an issue, arguments to demonstrate your private opinio n and a remedy to that issue. There's a significant remedy to your issue! Cell phones should not ever be used while driving. All About Gilgamesh Research Paper Topics Understanding how to compose a strong argumentative paper can help you advance your very own argumentative thinking. Getting in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. Life is much better than it was 50 decades ago. Our life is about words. Discover which of the topics, you presently have a fairly good background on which will make it possible for you to have a relative edge. Couples in the current day society should participate in behaviors that bring excitement in the relationship. Men and women change more if there's sex involved and there's a deep relationship. Snow days are excellent for family quality time. Preferably, it must be something that you're an expert in. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a good deal about it. The very best thing about our writing service is you can offer a whole description and get it written exactly the direction you require it. When choosing what to write about, be sure that it is something which you recognize about. One of the greatest methods to make writing a research paper easier is to decide on a topic that you're passionate about. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't difficult to discover. If you choose a topic that hasn't been featured in a hundred of other research papers, you're likely not just to score a great grade, but additionally to add a valuable part of research to the area of science. If you need assistance with research paper, you may use essay writing services. The Upside to Gilgamesh Research Paper Topics There are several steps which you should take so as to compose an outstanding essay. When you've got a completed ou tline, you'll have a step-by-step guide that you are able to follow until you're done writing. Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's advisable to use a 5-paragraph structure. The procedure for getting good argumentative research essay topics is hard. Although you may know what format, style guide, and whether the essay ought to be double spaced, you might be confused on what actually creates a great essay topic. Once every so often, your professor might provide you the liberty of writing an argumentative essay for college on the subject of your pick. Argumentative writings is a particular kind of a paper. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. Life After Gilgamesh Research Paper Topics Cost-free Gilgamesh essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Look at the world today, search via the internet and appear at news articles too there's inspiration everywhere. If you're st ruggling, you always have the option to acquire help by utilizing an essay writing service such as ours. You may use several examples which can be found on the world wide web free of charge. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing standpoint. Utilize your present understanding, the information that you have heard before, and clarify your standpoint. There are lots of things to argue when it regards the law. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs.

How to Write an IB Essay

How to Write an IB EssayWriting an I.B Essay can be challenging, especially if you have never taken on this task before. The only way to know which of the thousands of essay topics on offer is good for you is to experiment with some topics until you find one that gives you results. Here are a few tips to get you started.What You Will Need: Any writing class will provide you with enough material to write your own essay. However, some courses will give you more than you need, such as essay topics on business, sports, foreign languages, and education. It is best to practice with as many topics as possible before you tackle a more difficult one. Remember that no matter how prepared you are for essay topics, you cannot anticipate all the elements that will come up during the course.Begin by listing your strengths and weaknesses when it comes to writing. Be honest about how you normally write. You want to find out if the material that is presented to you is going to help you hone your skil ls. Once you have decided what kind of essay topics you are looking for, look through the list of topics on your syllabus and see if there are any you feel are lacking in terms of content or style. If you do not see yourself as being particularly good at writing on a particular topic, pick another topic.It's never easy to find the subject that interests you, but don't despair. You will not become a master essayist overnight. There are many ways to improve your skill level. One of the most important things you can do is read as much as you can about writing essays. Research your topic in as many ways as possible and keep notes.Writing an essay is a skill that can be learned. However, a lot of writers struggle to master it because they are not comfortable with being evaluated and critiqued by others. The only way to learn is to try out different styles. Whether you want to avoid getting feedback or you want to make sure your essays are of the highest quality, just be honest with yours elf about what you expect from yourself.Test yourself every week on a given topic. Although you cannot control what essays are written, you can work on improving your skills. Take the time to practice writing, always use the correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling, and read up on essays you are familiar with to make sure you are using the correct format.The key to succeeding in the IIPA Exam is confidence. If you think you will do well in a topic, you should. There is no point in preparing for something you think you cannot do. Remember that you are putting your work out there for the world to see. Showing off is part of being successful, so be proud of your accomplishments.Writing an essay does not have to be a scary prospect. If you use these simple tips, you should be able to get a great start on your first assignment. Keep it positive and optimistic and you will be well on your way to success.

Neocolonialism and Global South

The term neocolonialism was coined by Kwame Nkrumah, a former President of Ghana to explain the political, social and economic control which can be propagated culturally, linguistically and economically.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Neocolonialism and Global South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The overall objective of the control is to enhance and promote the culture of the neocolonialist state(s) among the citizens of the targeted countries so as to get access to markets, labor and raw materials for corporations based in the neocolonialist state(s). The key pillars of neocolonialism therefore include globalization, capitalism and imperialism. Neocolonialism is contrasted with colonialism, which implies direct military and political control of one state by another in a ruler-ruled relationship (Bauer and Holowinska 72). Neocolonialism goes hand in hand with the concept of global divide which divide s the world into global north and global south. The powerful nations popularly known as the first world make up the global north. Such countries include the United States (US) and its allies who control the United Nations (UN) and are also members of the G8. The global north accounts for a quarter of world’s population but controls three quarters of world’s income. The citizens of such countries have access to education, health and shelter (Sartre 18). The global south on the other hand comprises the developing or undeveloped countries majorly in Africa, Asia and Latin America. These countries account for three quarters of world’s population but they only control a quarter of the world’s income. In the global south, the access to health, education and shelter is usually a privilege of the few. However, the global divide is not mainly influenced by geographical location of a country. If a country in Africa is able to compete economically with other western powers, it is put under the category of global north. Similarly, if a country in Europe is poor, it is put under the category of global south. In other words, the defining criteria is the economic stability of a country, not its geographical location.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Theoretical models for explaining neocolonialism Idealism theory In international relations and foreign policy, idealism is a political philosophy which entails the advancement of a particular ideology (political, social or economic) both at home and abroad, with the aim of promoting and safeguarding the interests of citizens of a country and those of citizens in other countries. Examples include the fight against poverty, HIV/AIDS and advocacy for democracy instead of dictatorship or authoritarianism as well as safeguarding of human rights. Realism theory This is a state centered i nternational relations theory which looks at states as the key actors in international politics. The theory is based on the works of historical writers such as Rousseau, Machiavelli and Thucydides (Edkins and Vaughan-Williams 43). The main argument of realism is that international relations are characterized by anarchy, in which nations interact for their selfish interests. Realism therefore negates the mutual understanding of nations in their relations and puts more emphasis on the struggle of nations to amass as much resources as possible in order to advance their own interests. With realism, economic success is the leading interest in international relations. The US and its allies are known to promote democracy in many parts of Africa. However, a critical look at the issue shows that in most cases, the US is only interested in having democratic leaders who can help it gain access to markets and raw materials. Leaders who are not ready to cooperate are labeled as criminals, terror ists and unfit to hold office. Such leaders and their countries are eventually slapped with economic sanctions and are also isolated by the international community. A good example is Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe whose country has been isolated by the international community. Globalization and neocolonialism Globalization can be defined as the minimization of the differences between people of the world and the maximization of their similarities through interactions, cooperation and communication.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Neocolonialism and Global South specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Before the world wars, the world was characterized by minimal interaction, communication, cross-border movements and language homogeneity. However, after the world wars, this situation changed. The changes were mainly triggered by the desire of nations of the world to unite in various spheres of development, mainly the economy, education, employment, environment and governance. The main driving forces of globalization were however the advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), improved transport systems, liberalized trade as well as liberalized immigration policies. Globalization has made it possible for any person to work, study, marry and stay in any part of the world irrespective of his or her culture. After the world wars, a new form of globalization emerged. This was triggered by the new desire to unite the world through the three main development pillars, namely social, political and economic pillars. Many states thought that the world wars were mainly caused by poor interaction between the nations, arguing that many countries did not care harming others as a result of the old economic philosophy which pegged development on elimination of rivals rather than the cooperation between stakeholders. The contemporary form of globalization is characterized by the liberalization of trade, the emergence of multinational corporations as well as emergence of global institutions like the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other UN affiliated institutions. The advancement in ICT has transformed the world into a global village. Through ICT and improved means of transport, people are more than ever able to do business with each other without any form of barriers. The developed countries have been in the forefront in propagating the idea of globalization. These countries led by the US usually view the developing countries as their imperial territories. They always ensure that there are in place rules and regulations governing the economic, social and political endeavors of the developing countries (Gills and Thompson 175).Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They know that with a global culture in place, they are able to remain ahead by using resources from the developing and the undeveloped countries for their economic, social and political progress (Baylis, Smith and Owens 90). The developing countries are known as the markets of the western culture. Culture in this context is taken to mean business, educational, political and governance ideas. Many developing countries in Africa are known to have embraced what is referred to as export based agriculture at the expense of subsistence agriculture. This has led to recurrent food shortages in many developing countries (Buckman 42). The trend began in early 1980s through what were referred to as Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPS), which required countries in Africa and Asia to embrace economic development at the expense of social and political development (Kelsey 95). This led to the ever rising levels of poverty and population growth rates in the developing world, forcing them to compl y with the policies of the new world order for the fear of economic and political sanctions from the developed countries (Konadu-Agyemang 219). The undeveloped countries are those which have high poverty levels and illiteracy. Most of these countries are found in Africa and are described as living in the wrong civilization or being uncivilized. These countries are the best dumping sites for western culture. Most of the undeveloped countries are characterized by poor governance, ethnic strife and lack of basic social amenities. Many analysts have however argued that the poverty and lack of infrastructure in the undeveloped countries can be attributed to the imperial nature of their relationships with their developed counterparts. Forms of Neocolonialism Colonialism was very popular during the 19th century when the British, the US and other western powers scrambled for resources for their industries in the developing and undeveloped countries. They used the ideas of religion and educa tion to penetrate and gain control over the countries especially in Africa where there were no formal governments and institutions. Some western powers even went ahead to use the Africans as slaves due to ignorance of the African people. With time, colonization was slowly brought to an end following the end of world wars. However, what the Africans and the developing countries did not know was that only flags of their countries changed. Some political analysts have described the independence of many African and Asian countries as â€Å"independence of the flag†, meaning that even though the countries are independent, they can only exercise that independence to the extent of self governance alone. What this means is that the countries are literally colonized but through ideas. It can therefore be argued that even though many developing countries were granted permission to govern themselves, their former colonies still maintained high economic, social and political dominance in their former colonies. One of the ways in which neocolonialism has been propagated is through what is referred to as the odious debt. This is a debt which is incurred when a loan is given to a poor country but fails to benefit the citizens due to corruption by the leaders. Such countries also lack a clear economic policy to regulate investment, taxation and foreign debt. The developed countries benefit from the debts because they charge high interest rates on the loans, which are not used for the economic progress of the poor countries but are misappropriated by the corrupt leaders. These dictators in return become loyal to the countries which give them the loans and thus the developed countries get an opportunity to exploit the markets, labor and raw materials of the developing countries. There are also double standards even on genuine loans when it comes to repayment. When a country like the US gives a loan to another country like Germany or France, the loan is repaid with very l ittle interest or even interest free. However, when the same loan is given to a developing country, it is repaid with interest which is three to five times higher than what France or Germany would pay. The aim is to ensure that the developing countries do not become economically independent. Neocolonialism is also propagated using international institutions like the IMF. This institution was formed with an aim of liberalizing the world’s economy to enable the developing countries get loans for their development (Kegley 46). However, the problem with the IMF is that it gives loans to the developing countries with strings attached. One example to illustrate this is Jamaica, which was given a loan by IMF in 1977 to reconstruct the economy which had disintegrated in 1970. However, the condition of the loan was that Jamaica was supposed to eliminate all labor laws and especially the law on minimum wage. This paved way for exploitation of the citizens by multinational corporations which underpaid the citizens of Jamaica. The idea of International Law and neocolonialism International law refers to the set of laws or principles which govern the relationships between sovereign states (Fichtelberg 76). It was initially formed to govern the manner in which nations related to each other with a view of improving their relationships in regard to specific issues. International law initially took the form of treaties and agreements between states, which were either bilateral or multilateral. The protection of human rights moved the international law to create the international criminal court to try the perpetrators of crimes against humanity. Since its formation, the court has investigated several perpetrators of crimes against humanity like Charles Taylor of Liberia, Slobodan Milosevic of Yugoslavia and has issued a warrant of arrest against Sudanese president Omar Al Bashir for the chaos and atrocities in the Darfur region of the Sudan. However, the court has attract ed criticism from political analysts who have accused it of double standards in that it only targets the developing countries. The super powers of the world like the US, which refused to be a signatory to the Rome statute which formed the court, have never been subjected to the court’s jurisdictions despite the fact that they have committed crimes of aggression against other states like the Iraq invasion in 2003. My prescription on how the international community should deal with the issue of neocolonialism is for international institutions such as the UN and its affiliated institutions to ensure that the international law is followed to the letter. The UN in particular should seek to empower the developing and undeveloped countries with social, political and economic resources for them to resist any attempts of neocolonialism by the US and its allies. Works Cited Bauer, Franziska, and Magdalena Holowinska. Colonialism and Neo-Colonialism. München GRIN: Verlag GmbH, 2009. Print. Baylis, John, Steve Smith, ‎ and Patricia Owens‎. The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print. Buckman, Greg. Globalization: Tame it or Scrap it? : Mapping the Alternatives of the Anti-Globalization Movement. London: Zed Books, 2004. Print. Edkins, Jenny, and Nick Vaughan-Williams. Critical Theorists in International Relations. London: Routledge, 2009. Print. Fichtelberg, Aaron. Law at the Vanishing Point: A Philosophical Analysis of International Law. Farnham GU9 7PT: Ashgate Publishing, 2005. Print. Gills, Barry, and William Thompson ‎. Globalization and Global History; Rethinking Globalizations. London: Routledge, 2006. Print. Kegley, Charles. World Politics: Trend and Transformation. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Kelsey, Jane. International economic regulation. Sheffield: Ashgate Publishers, 2002. Print. Konadu-Agyemang, Kwado. IMF and World Bank Sponsored Str uctural Adjustment Programs in Africa: Ghana’s Experience, 1983-1999.Voices in Development Management. Sheffield: Ashgate Publishers, 2001. Print. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Colonialism and Neocolonialism. New York: Routledge, 2001. Print. This research paper on Neocolonialism and Global South was written and submitted by user Julissa C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Slavery, Reparation and Restorative Justice

Slavery, Reparation and Restorative Justice 1. Background Barely two hundred years ago, slavery was common and accepted in the countries of Europe as well as in North America. The hunting ground was, in an overwhelming majority of cases, the African continent. White slave traders, sometimes helped by local Africans, plundered the land for men and women, who were taken away in captivity to work on among other places, plantations, farms and town building projects for white masters in North America, the Caribbean islands and other European colonies. Slavery and its attendant evils rank right at the top of the list on the worst horrors perpetrated by humankind. There are many who believe that the enormity of the crime outweighs the Jewish holocaust and the dropping of the atom bomb. The only comparable evil the world has seen is the persecution of women, the causes of which, however, are very different. The abolition of slavery took place over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, from most parts of the world. The 1815 Declaration Relative to the Universal Abolition of the Slave Trade 6 (the 1815 Declaration) was the first international instrument to condemn it. The abolitionist movement began as an effort to stop the Atlantic slave trade and to free slaves in the colonies of European countries and in the United States. A large number of agreements dating from the early nineteenth century, both multilateral and bilateral, contain provisions prohibiting such practices in times of war and peace. It has been estimated that between 1815 and 1957 some 300 international agreements were implemented to suppress slavery. (Weissbrodt Dottridge, 2002, p. 3) Greater interest has naturally been taken in American slavery for it was far more extensive and lasted longer. There were many thousands of slave holding families in the US at the time of the civil war. The abolition of slavery divided American society right down the middle and culminated in a great civil war in which thousands of Americans lost their lives. Slavery has been defined as the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised (Weissbrodt Dottridge, 2002, p. 4). Tragically, this ownership included the prerogative to behave violently with one’s slaves and it can be said with certainty that the history of slavery in the US would not have been so much of a slur on the white people but for the continuous and horrific violence perpetrated upon the slaves by their white masters. Even after the formal abolition of slavery, violence continued and even escalated against African-Americans in the US. Lynching, an extreme form of mob violence which took its’ cue from vigilantism and found easy acceptance, was used with telling effect. From the 1880s mob violence reflected white Americas contempt for African-Americans and mob violence became the means of asserting white dominance. African-Americans suffered grievously under lynch law. In addition to lynching of individuals, race riots with blacks as victims happened with periodic ferocity. Furthermore, mobs used especially sadistic tactics when blacks were the prime targets. By the 1890s lynchers increasingly employed burning, torture, and dismemberment to prolong suffering and excite a festive atmosphere among the killers and onlookers. White families brought small children to watch, newspapers carried notices, railroad agents sold excursion tickets to lynching sites, and mobs cut off black victims’ fingers, toes, ears, or genitalia as souvenirs.(About Lynching, Pg 1) Incredible as it may appear, extreme forms of violence against African-Americans was commonplace even a century ago and it is easy to understand the emotional scars and disturbed psyches of the Africans and the African Americans. For most whites slavery is little more than an unpleasant memory of a time gone by. For many Africans and African Americans, however, it remains a festering wound that is kept raw by feelings of oppression and discrimination. In recent times, there has been much talk of reparation and social justice to recompense for these crimes and to integrate African-Americans with the peoples of the world, to enable them to take their place as people of dignity and respect. The basic argument is clear as rainwater: Slavery was a crime as horrible as any imaginable. People were tortured, enslaved, and unfairly deprived of the fruits of their labor. They were denied the right to hand down any appreciable assets. And their descendants, who were promised freedom and forty acres, were lynched, segregated, discriminated against, and, in virtually every way, excluded from enjoying the full fruits of freedom, They never got their land. And they only recently have been given the opportunity to earn anything approximating fair compensation. Hence a debt is owed. (Cose, 2004) My background as a criminologist and my origins from an ex-slave country prompted me to take up research in the subject area. A number of informative books and articles on the issue, some of which are listed in the bibliography, were available for reference and catalyzed my decision to research the area under discussion in depth. I hope this effort will throw further light on this grievous period of history and enable a deeper understanding of the anguish felt by the millions who have been scarred by these happenings. 2. Definition of Research Question The vastness of the subject and the scale of the work, already investigated and published in the area, pre-empts the possibility of general research being of specific use. It is essential to establish a particular focus in the area of slavery and reparation. Violence, physical and emotional, being an intrinsic and important element of the slavery experience, continues to dominate the minds and play upon the psyches of the African-Americans and descendants of erstwhile slaves in other parts of the world. It is thus necessary to try to focus on the best means of reparation, which will largely redress these past hurts and injustices. There have been many cases of emotional reparation in the recent past concerning people who have been hurt by other communities. The British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, apologized to the Irish for the potato famine in the nineteenth century. Pope John Paul II did the same for the Churchs treatment of heretics during the Inquisition. Australia continues to apologize for its treatment of the aborigines. In the US, President Clinton has apologized to Hawaiians for the overthrow of their Queen a century ago. Apologies and reparations have been given to the Japanese- Americans, who were placed under detention after Pearl Harbor. In this context, what sort of reparation will be relevant for the African- Americans in the US? Martin Luther King gave an interview to Playboy magazine in 1965, during the course of which he said, Can any fair-minded citizen deny that the Negro has been deprived? Few people reflect that, for two centuries, the Negro was enslaved and robbed of any wages potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of Americas wealth today could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of exploitation and humiliation. (Cose, 2004) Others feel that an apology for slavery is mindless mush. Slavery finally is not something where a simple apology makes any sense. Those who advocate a formal apology believe that such a step would have an ameliorating effect upon race relations, but many others sharply disagree. Professor Thomas Sewell writes, First of all, slavery is not something like stepping on someones toe accidentally, where you can say excuse me. If the people who actually enslaved their fellow human beings were alive today, hanging would be too good for them. If an apology would make no sense coming from those who were personally guilty, what sense does it make for someone else to apologize today?' (Parker, 2000, p. 18) The Research Question can thus be defined as follows: What will be the most suitable form of emotional and material reparation which will alleviate the traumas being faced by descendants of slaves and achieve a significant disconnect with the history of violence embedded in their psyches? Along with this, two subsidiary questions will need to be investigated. Who should be responsible for giving the reparation, citizens, companies or state? How will the reparation be used to benefit the sufferers? Education, benefits, status?† 3. Research Methodology The Research Methodology will necessarily focus on the study and analysis of the origin, consolidation, propagation and abolition of slavery in the US, the regions where its practice was prevalent and the companies, communities and individuals who have benefited most from the practice. The harm inflicted on the African-American community will need to be investigated with respect to numbers affected and atrocities committed, pre and post the abolition of slavery. While it is an accepted fact that documented records of atrocities are incomplete to a great extent, the available material, interpreted properly should also throw up some relevant insights into the issue. The research assignment will also need to focus on the reparation being demanded and being given internationally to other affected communities, namely the Jews of Europe, the Indians in the US, the Irish in the UK, the other castes in India and the aboriginals in Australia as well as recent international thoughts and agreements on the issue. There is substantial literature available on the subject, some of which have been listed in the bibliography. Statistical data is available from state records for perusal and analysis. It is also proposed to take interviews with a number of people (at least a hundred) with connections ancestral connections to slavery, descendants of slaveholders and slaves. These interviews will necessarily have structured questions, most of which will be open-ended to facilitate qualitative answers. Too many problems are not expected in the assignment, as a significant amount of data will be available from printed literature and governmental archives. Interviews with white and Afro-American respondents will need a certain amount of search and co-ordination but co-operation should be forthcoming, especially after they are informed of the purpose of the research. Standard project monitoring tools and simple software will ensure the meeting of planned completion targets and scheduled presentation of the thesis.

What are the Key Reasons Why Traditional Expatriation Appointments and Essay

What are the Key Reasons Why Traditional Expatriation Appointments and Repatriation Often Fail What can MNCs Do about this - Essay Example In this regard, it is observed that most of the MNCs in the current globalized world is encountered with the high rate of the expatriates and repatriates failure. Such failure witnessed by the MNCs has reduced their capacity to sustain their business smoothly and profitably in the overseas market. At the same time, the increasing failure rate related to traditional expatriation appointments and repatriation has drawn urgent demand for resolving these challenges faced by the MNCs (Harzing, 1995).   Collings & et. al. (2007) asserted that staffing issues in the international context are complex and challenging. Despite the challenges associated with the staffing issues, it has been argued that MNCs are using traditional expatriation appointments on a frequent basis. Accordingly, myriad reasons have been propagated behind the use of traditional expatriation appointments. In this regard, one of the potential reasons has been associated with the rapidly growing demand for competent and experienced global managers which is accompanied by the reduced supply of the same. The other reasons include the desire of the parent company to acquire centralized decision making and control over the operations of the subsidiary located in the overseas market. Thoo (2013) has defined expatriate failure as â€Å"as the expatriate’s premature return to his or her home country prior to the completion of his or her actual assignment duration†. Accordingly, Thoo (2013) has identified multiple reasons that contribute towards expatriate failure.

Economic liberals argue that ecomonic exchange is a positive-sun game Essay

Economic liberals argue that ecomonic exchange is a positive-sun game - Essay Example These two explain the prevailing capitalistic economic exchange in opposing light. The former upholds the capitalistic ideal while the latter criticize it based on the argument that it such exchange is a breeding ground of exploitation and inequality. Although both of these schools have valid arguments, this paper will argue that the liberal point of view holds more legitimate positions than Marxism in explaining the economic exchange in the capitalist system. Free Market The fundamental features of a capitalist economy are right to private property, profit-motive, freedom of choice, market forces, and minimal role of government. It promotes individualism and is consisted of individual units like workers, people, capitalists, consumers and firms and that social forces determine the formation of a capitalist economy. A critical aspect of capitalism that is relevant to the subject of this investigation is the labor market. In this case, individuals play an important role in the exchang e of goods. First, they are incapable to produce what they need and what they consume. This is the reason why a highly specialized division of labor emerged so that people rely on others, particularly, the producers, in order to survive. Callero explained that when someone is looking for a job in a capitalist economy, that individual is engaging in a capitalistic exchange using his skill and abilities as a commodity to be traded for wage, which is necessary in the procurement of food, shelter, clothing and other goods (25). The labor market also collectively demonstrates the flow of goods in capitalism and depicts several capitalistic principles. If there is excess in the labor force, unemployment and low wage emerge as a result. The implication of this situation demonstrates two important points. First is that the unemployed or the labor force in general will be engaged in fierce competition for the scarce work and this is often characterized by enhancing competitive advantage (Tod orova 31). Finally, there is the profit motive characteristic wherein people engaging in the economic exchange, especially the producers, operate with profit and self-interest as their primary concern. Each individual, grouping and organization relegate concern for others or the society secondary to their own interests. At first glance, this appears cruel and unjust but economists argue that emphasizing profit is a driving force behind free market economies. It functions as a reward for people, entrepreneurs, and organizations who work hard, invest time and money, take risks and innovate. According to Mink, profit, which critics such as those coming from the Marxist school assails, is behind efficiency in production because it is behind – through competition – the efforts of economic actors to constantly innovate (125). The Marxist Criticism Karl Marx’s investigation of the late twentieth-century capitalism resulted in several important criticisms to the economi c system. But these criticisms are based on an important Marxist theory, the theory of exploitation and inequality. Here, an unequal exchange develops between workers and capitalists. Solimano explains: While the workers’ only asset is labor (in flow terms, â€Å"labor power†), capitalists are in advantageous position due to ownership of the productive capital that allows them to organize